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Page n13
Welsh literature—The bona fides of the British gods—Arianrhod—Dylan—The Taliesn-Ceridwen myth—Hu Gadarn—British deities and the Mabinogion— Authentic character of some of Iolo Morganwg’s sources—Beli and Balor—Beli and Cernunnos—The environment of the Otherworld of British myth—Its weird and mystical nature—Its several neighbourhoods—The true enclave of British Mysticism—The Fortress of Glass—The castle of Caer Pedryvan—Has the faculty of revolving—The prison of Ochren—Davy Jones and his ‘‘locker’’— Sir John Daniel on Caer Sidi—Miss Eleanor Hull on the legends of Annwn— The Pheryllt, a college of magicians—Their dwelling on Snowdon—Conclusion 131
Page 45
In Wales, at least up to the year 1538, oxen were offered up to the idol of a “saint” or deity, Darvell Gadarn, as we learn from the contents of a letter written by Ellis Price to Thomas Cromwell, Secretary of State to Henry VIII, dated April 6th, 1538, from the diocese of St. Asaph. The people, says Price, flocked to this idol on April 5th, bringing oxen and kine. The idol was carried to Smithfield and duly burned, along with the priest who ministered to it and who bore the same name with itself. Now the name Darvell Gadarn closely resembles that of Hu Gadarn, an ancient British deity associated with the cult of the ox, and I have formed the impression that the prefix “Darvell”’ is a corruption of the Welsh word for a bull, tarw. Darvell Gadarn, I may add, has some reputation in Wales as a “‘saint’’.
Page 137
As regards the mysterious Hu Gadarn, who was, perhaps, the chief prop and stay of Davies’ absurd theory that the foundations of Welsh myth rested upon the legend of the Ark, we are scarcely on very safe ground. In the second volume of his Mabinogion M. Loth has made it abundantly clear that the triads which relate to this personage are late in date. Judging by what these triads have to say of him, he appears to have been a species of culture-hero, who came from the East, taught the Cymry the art of ploughing and divided them into septs or clans. He it was who dragged the monster Avanc from the depths of a lake which had overflowed, thus causing the primal flood, by the help of his oxen. He was also a kind of Apollo, the inventor of music and song. To his later apparent avatar as Darvell Gadarn I have already alluded. It may be that Hu Gadarn represents a later culture-hero, and the general resemblance of what we know of his myth to that of the Egyptian Osiris appears to me to associate him in a measure with the legend of the divine king, of which importation it may perhaps constitute a memory. Herbert imagined him as a ““NeoDruidic Bacchus”, as he is styled ‘the giver of wine’, and, drawing on references
Page 138
from Iolo Goch, in Davies, states that his name Gadarn (which he here spells “Cadarn’’) is reminiscent of war. ‘Hu Gadarn was the commander of the elements and the inhabitant of the Sun.’’ He was “‘the concealed God”, and was invoked as creator. Herbert agrees with Davies that he is a combination of Noah and Bacchus. This, of course, is mere mythological guesswork, yet I think that the rough resemblance to Osiris holds good and that Herbert is correct in regarding Hu Gadarn as a deity of the Neo-Druidic cultus. Rhys regards him as a British Hercules, and surmises that he was superseded by Arthur. He points out that even in the fourteenth century the semi-pagan school, that of Taliesin, was so strong in Wales that it extracted a vigorous rebuke from a Welsh priest and poet, Sion Kent, who alluded to its personnel as “‘the Men of Hu, whose muse was the genius of lying, as distinguished from the better muse that was of Christ’. The Men of Hu retaliated by charging the Christian poets with gross ignorance of the mysteries of bardism. What the Taliesin School meant to imply, continues Rhys, when they bragged of their transformations into various forms, was associated with the magical powers of the initiated, who could assume any form they chose and could command the elements according to their will. They knew the Otherworld, the chairs of Ceridwen and Teyrnon. Their boasts, he thought, are similar to those of the Irish seer Amergin, the Milesian prophet, as found in The Book of Leinster, where he specifies his arcane knowledge. M. D’Arbois de Jubainville translates and recounts the same in his Ivish Mythological Cycle, comparing it with the Taliesin passage. This is important, for if we agree with these conclusions it follows that much of what has been thought of as referring to reincarnation or transmigration can be nothing else than allusions to a magical potency of identifying oneself with natural objects by the process of arcane will-power.
Page 139
The principal British deities who make an appearance both in the Mabinogion stories and in the Welsh poems of antiquity are Beli, Llyr, Bran, Don, Teyrnon, Pryderi, Dylan, Gwydion, Rhiannon, Ceridwen, Taliesin, Hu Gadarn and Arianrhod. The recognition of these in both sources appears to me to give them a satisfactory mythic status. Beli is of importance to us as an arcane figure and with his myth Professor Gruffydd has dealt in a manner which could scarcely be surpassed by the most acute among folk-lore proficients. Indeed, he and other Welsh litterateurs are much too modest in their estimate of their own powers of traditional elucidation. Beli, he tells us, was among the most famous of the legendary kings of Britain. Rhys correctly equated him with the Irish Bile, and the correspondence between the Beli of the Cambrian annals and the Bile of the Annals of Ulster ‘makes this identification certain’’.1° There also appears to be a certain equivalence betwixt him and the Irish Cyclops, Balor of the Evil Eye. In Welsh poetry he is associated with a spear of surpassing might. He is buried in ‘‘the Great Plain” Maes Mawr, which equates with the famous Irish Magh Mor, and a plain so named exists in the Benlli Gawr district in Wales, near Rhyd y Gyvarthva. In Welsh verse Beli is called the son of Benlli the Giant, concerning whom a story is told by Nennius which appears to associate him still more closely with Balor. According to Milton, St. Michael’s Mount, in Cornwall, was connected with a giant, Bellerus, as Tory Island, off the north, coast of Ireland, was with Balor. In popular Cornish tradition the giant of St. MicHdel’s Mount had but one eye in the midst of his forehead, a circumstance which again links him with Balor. “‘Beli’s own particular country seems to be Gwynedd, or even Arvon, whenever he is not mentioned in connection with the whole island of Britain.”
Page 157
That Mithraism powerfully influenced the Neo-Druidic or Arthurian cult there is considerable proof. That it was among those influences which in Britain made for the later complete acceptance of the Christian faith is certain. To some extent it mimicked the Christian faith when this came to be accepted by the Roman emperors and thus protected itself against persecution and extinction. The Roman Emperor Julian, known as “the Apostate’’ (fl. 331363), particularly affected it, and in his day it possessed numerous apostles and converts both in Gaul and Britain. The Roman poet Ausonius, who sang the praises of the Gaulish scholars of Bayeux, and dwelt upon their descent from the Druidical worshippers of the god Beli, associates these in his verses with the Appolinarian mystics (a Christian schism), and fairly numerous allusions to ideas obviously Mithraic appear in the Welsh Triads and poems, which seem to enshrine memories of this cultus in Britain. As we have seen, a Welsh bard of the fifteenth century distinguished between “‘the bards of Hu” and those of Christ. Indeed, there was little in Druidism with its fire-worship and bull-sacrifice which might not be found also in Mithraic doctrine. It appears to me as highly probable that the remaining Bards of Britain in the fifth century, possessing, as they did, a fragmentary tradition of Druidic dogma, combined this with acceptanges from a rather contorted species of Mithraism, and I have formed the opinion that this amalgamation is largely represented in the ‘revived cultus of Arthur, which became the hope of that religious knighthood which sought to liberate the southern portion of Britain from the onsets of the Saxon and the Pict. Indeed, the myth appears to be Osirian, the ritual Mithraic.
Page 194
Abred, the circle of, 129 f. Aderyn y corph, bird of death-warning in Wales, 84 i ‘ Amangons, King of Logres: and the Grailcup, 167 Ambrosianus Aurelianus (or Ambrosius Aurelius), a British leader: alleged uncle of Arthur, 150-1 Amergin, an Irish Druid: his transformation, 15; boasts of his arcane knowledge, 138 Amulets, magical, in Scotland, 72 Aneurin, a Welsh bard, 44 Anglesey, Suetonius attacks Druids in, 42, 52 Angus, Irish god of youth: his magical abilities, 33 Annwn, the circle of, 129-31; ‘‘The Spoils of’ (poem on), 130, 143-4 Arthur, a British deity: as a raven or chough, 83, 151-2; supersedes Hu Gadarn as god of the Neo-Druidic cultus, 138; his ship of glass, 142; his cultus in general, 145 ff.; an emanation of the sun-god Beli, 151; his resemblance to Cuchullin, 151; not a historical figure, 145-6; derivation of his name, 146; his mythic relationships, 146; central figure of a late British pagan cultus, 146 f.; Uther as his father, 147; probabilities concerning the cult of, 148; a sun-god of the British Celts, 148; revival of his cult, 149; as ‘‘divine king’, 152; as ‘‘the Maimed King” of the Grail legend, 152; and the myth of Cronus, 1 52-3; Compared with Osiris, 154 f.; his dialogue with a mystical eagle, 159; mystical birds and animals associated with his cult, 160; his footsteps cause sterility, 172; as the Grail King, 172 Astrology, Celtic, 131-2 Avanc, a Welsh water-monster, 93 Avellenau, the, a Welsh mystical poem, 74 Awenydhyon, a divinatory caste in early Wales, 98
Page 196
Hu Gadarn, a British deity, 137-8; “‘the Men of Hu’’, 138
The Secret Teachings of all Ages Manly P. Hall
Describing the temples of the Druids, Charles Heckethorn, in The Secret Societies of All Ages & Countries, says:
"Their temples wherein the sacred fire was preserved were generally situated on eminences and in dense groves of oak, and assumed various forms--circular, because a circle was the emblem of the universe; oval, in allusion to the mundane egg, from which issued, according to the traditions of many nations, the universe, or, according to others, our first parents; serpentine, because a serpent was the symbol of Hu, the Druidic Osiris;cruciform, because a cross is an emblem of regeneration; or winged, to represent the motion of the Divine Spirit. *** Their chief deities were reducible to two -- a male and a female, the great father and mother--Hu and Ceridwen, distinguished by the same characteristics as belong to Osiris and Isis, Bacchus and Ceres, or any other supreme god and goddess representing the two principles of all Being.
Godfrey Higgins states that Hu, the Mighty, regarded as the first settler of Britain, came from a place which the Welsh Triads call the Summer Country, the present site of Constantinople. Albert Pike says that the Los Word of Masonry is concealed in the name of the Druid god Hu. The meager information extant concerning the secret initiations of the Druids indicates a decided similarity between their Mystery school and the schools of Greece and Egypt, Hu, the Sun God, was murdered and, after a number of strange ordeals and mystic rituals, was restored to life.
For further details, see Faber's Pagan Idolatry, Albert Pike's Morals and Dogma, and Godfrey Higgins' Celtic Druids.
Godfrey Higgins' Celtic Druids
Page 25
In the Letters of Archbishop Usher, No. 81, it is stated by a Mr. Davis, who was employed by the Bishop to procure manuscripts for him in the East, that he learned from the Samaritans, that their nation pronounced the word Jehovah Ye hue h, in Hebrew miT Ieue. This must be y, as i in pine ; e, as a in ale ; hu, as hu in Hume, or as u in use.
Page 101
f This is an example of the usual practice of going to the gods, when the pedigree can be traced no higher. Hu the mighty, was the Hebrew article Kin hua, ille ipse. It is equivalent to the t b Avto of Plato. This is pointed out by my much esteemed and learned friend, A . Pictet, of Geneva, p. 133.
Page 180
The name of Baal, which is synonymous with Seathar or Seadhac , is found in Wales, Gaul, and Germany. This God is also called Bel or Beli. In Hebrew Baal is written ^2 Bol. With the Welsh, the God Bel or Beli was called Hu . J On the first of May the Irish made great fires in honour of Bel or Baal, and offered him sacrifices. They have yet a festival on the first of May called Bealtine, when, on the tops of their hills, they light great fires.
Page 180
% The Hu which has just been noticed as one of the names of Baal or Bel in Welsh, is nothing but the Hebrew article Nin hua, ille ipse, often used as the name of God. Plato uses the same expression r b Airb, when he speaks of the first being, The Self-existent Being.
Morals and Dogma Albert Pike
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hu
Page n148
It was not without a secret meaning, that twelve was the number of the Apostles of Christ, and seventy-two that of his Disciples: that John addressed his rebukes and menaces to the Seven churches, the number of the Archangels and the Planets. At Babylon were the Seven Stages of Bersippa, a pyramid of Seven stories, and at Ecbatana Seven concentric inclosures, each of a different color. Thebes also had Seven gates, and the same number is repeated again and again in the account of the flood. The Sephiroth, or Emanations, ten in number, three in one class, and seven in the other, repeat the mystic numbers of Pythagoras. Seven Amschaspands or planetary spirits were invoked with Ormuzd: Seven inferior Rishis of Hindustan were saved with the head of their family in an ark: and Seven ancient personages alone returned with the British just man, Hu, from the dale of the grievous waters. There were Seven HeliadAj, whose father Helias, or the Sun, once crossed the sea in a golden cup; Seven Titans, children of the older Titan, Kronos or Saturn; Seven Corybantes; and Seven Cabiri, sons of Sydyk; Seven primeval Celestial spirits of the Japanese, and Seven Karfesters who escaped from the deluge and began to be the parents of a new race, on the summit of Mount Albordi. Seven Cyclopes, also, built the walls of Tiryus.
Page n236
There was a surprising uniformity in the Temples, Priests, doctrines, and worship of the Persian Magi and British Druids. The Gods of Britain were the same as the Cabiri of Samothrace. Osiris and Isis appeared in their Mysteries, under the names of Hu and Ceridwen; and like those of the primitive Persians, their Temples were enclosures of huge unhewn stones, some of which still remain, and are regarded by the common people with fear and veneration. They were generally either circular or oval. Some were in the shape of a circle to which a vast serpent was attached. The circle was an Eastern symbol of the Universe, governed by an Omnipotent Deity whose centre is everywhere, and his circumference nowhere: and the egg was an universal symbol of the world. Some of the Temples were winged, and some in the shape of a cross; the winged ones referring to Kneph, the winged Serpent-Deity of Egypt; whence the name of Navestock, where one of them stood. Temples in the shape of a cross were also found in Ireland and Scotland. The length of one of these vast structures, in the shape of a serpent, was nearly three miles.
Page n242
In Egypt they were Osiris and Isis: in India, Mahadeva and Bhavani: in PhA"nicia, Thammuz (or Adonis) and Astarte: in Phrygia, Atys and Cybele: in Persia, Mithras and Asis: in Samothrace and Greece, Dionusos or Sabazeus and Rhea: in Britain, Hu and Ceridwen: and in Scandinavia, Woden and Frea: and in every instance these Divinities represented the Sun and the Moon.
Page n276
The ceremonies commenced with a hymn to the sun. The candidates were arranged in ranks of threes, fives, and sevens, according to their qualifications; and conducted nine times around the Sanctuary, from East to West. The candidate underwent many trials, one of which had direct reference to the legend of Osiris. He was placed in a boat, and sent out to sea alone, having to rely on his own skill and presence of mind to reach the opposite shore safety. The death of Hu was represented in his hearing, with external mark of sorrow, while he was in utter darkness. He met with many obstacles, had to prove his courage, and expose his life against armed enemies; represented various animals, and at last, attaining the permanent light, he was instructed by the Arch-Druid in regard to the Mysteries, and in the morality of the Order, incited to act bravely in war, taught the great truths of the immortality of the soul and a future state, solemnly enjoined not to neglect the worship of the Deity, nor the practice of rigid morality; and to avoid sloth, contention, and folly.
Page n322
The British God Hu was called "The Dragon—Ruler of the World," and his car was drawn by serpents. His ministers were styled adders. A Druid in a poem of Taliessin says, "I am a Druid, I am an Architect, I am a Prophet, I am a Serpent (Gnadi)." The Car of the Goddess Ceridwen also was drawn by serpents.
Page n396
There was a surprising similarity between the Temples, Priests, doctrines, and worship of the Persian Magi and the British Druids. The latter did not worship idols in the human shape, because they held that the Divinity, being invisible, ought to be adored without being seen. They asserted the Unity of the Godhead. Their invocations were made to the One All-preserving Power; and they argued that, as this power was not matter, it must necessarily be the Deity; and the secret symbol used to express his name was O.I.W. They believed that the earth had sustained one general destruction by water; and would again be destroyed by fire. They admitted the doctrines of the immortality of the soul, a future state, and a day of judgment, which would be conducted on the principle of man's responsibility. They even retained some idea of the redemption of mankind through the death of a Mediator. They retained a tradition of the Deluge, perverted and localized. But, around these fragments of primitive truth they wove a web of idolatry, worshipped two Subordinate Deities under the names of HU and CERIDWEN, male and female (doubtless the same as Osiris and Isis), and held the doctrine of transmigration.
Page n447
So x"x.x-x"x™x [HUA-HIA], He-She, could properly be written x"x-x"x™ [Hu-HI]; or by transposition of the letters, common with the Talmudists, x™x"-x«x" [IH-UH], which is the Tetragrammaton or Ineffable Name.
Page n449
This was the profound truth hidden in the ancient allegory and covered from the general view with a double veil. This was the esoteric meaning of the generation and production of the Indian, Chaldean, and PhA"nician cosmogonies; and the Active and Passive Powers, of the Male and Female Principles; of Heaven and its Luminaries generating, and the Earth producing; all hiding from vulgar view, as above its comprehension, the doctrine that matter is not eternal, but that God was the only original Existence, the ABSOLUTE, from Whom everything has proceeded, and to Whom all returns: and that all moral law springs not from the relation of things, but from His Wisdom and Essential Justice, as the Omnipotent Legislator. And this TRUE WORD is with entire accuracy said to have been lost; because its meaning was lost, even among the Hebrews, although we still find the name (its real meaning unsuspected), in the Hu of the Druids and the Fo-Hi of the Chinese.
Page n587
nature over the material urged in the Degrees, 855. Dominion, one of the last four Sephiroth of the Kabalah, 848-I Domitian, horrors of despotism under, 27-u. Domitian, reference to the reign of, 47-I, 3-u. Domitian, "that most savage monster", 49-m. Doric order of architecture represents the ineffable degrees, 202-u. Double nature of man, though he is one, 861-I. Doubt and question must accompany man's onward progress, 712-I. Doubt, who shall decide in honest, 166-u. Dove, Raven, Phoenix, are symbols of Light, Darkness and Beauty, 792-m. Draco made the astronomical cincture of the Universe, 498m. Draco or Jefferies as Judge to be opposed by Masonry, 20-I. Dragon finally absorbed by and united with the Principle of Good, 499-I. Dragon foe struck down by Mithras, 612-I. Dragon the image of Ahriman, 257-I. Dragon, winged, a symbol of Matter or Salt, 774-m. Dragons and Serpents, something divine in the nature of, 494-I. Dragons figure in other than astronomical legends, 499-m. Drama of Hiram and the Mysteries teach the victory of Good over Evil, 435-I. Dream phenomena are mysteries little understood, 733-I. Dreams are realities while they last, 166-u. Dresden Reformed or Rectified Rite, that of Ramsay, 779-I. Druidic Temples and Chapters, 235-I. Druidic Temples recording the meteoric cycles, 236-u. Druidical ceremonies came from India; originally Buddhists, 367-u. Druidical Hu contains the True name of Deity, 702-u. Druidical initiate called thrice born when ceremony completed, 430-m. Druidical Mysteries conform to those of other nations, 367. Druidical Mysteries explained the primitive truths, 430-I. Druidical Mysteries, initiate placed in a tomb in the, 430-I. Druidical Mysteries, Initiations performed at midnight in the, 367-I. Druidical Mysteries, periods of the festivals of the, 367-I. Druidical Mysteries resembled those of the Orient; description of, 429-m. Druidical religion's idea and doctrines, 618-u. Druidical rites refer to astronomical phenomena, 502-u. Druidical sacred Triad inscribed on a cruciform tree, 504-u. Druidical subterranean grotto at New Grange in Ireland, 504-m. Druidical Temple in the Island of Lewis, Scotland, 504-m. Druids admitted immortality, judgment, man's responsibility, 618-u. Druids asserted the Unity of the God-head and invoked One Power, 618-u. Druids considered the cross a sacred symbol, 504-u. Druids cut a tree in the shape of a Tau cross and inscribed it, 504-u. Druids did not worship idols, holding Divinity to be invisible, 618-u. Druids' doctrines taught--, 168-m. Druids exercised considerable secular as well as religious power, 618-I. Druids expressed Deity by the symbol O.I.W, 618-u. Druids expressed the name of Deity by the letters O.I.W, 622-u. Druids, first, children of the Magi; initiation from Egypt and Chaldea, 103-I. Druids had sacred regard for the odd numbers, 618-m. Druids had some idea of redemption and a Redeemer, 618-u. Druids held the doctrine of transmigration, 618-u. Druids imparted secrets without the use of audible language, 372-m. Druids of Britain similar to the Magi of the Persians, 617-I. Druids studied astronomy and practiced the Masonic virtue, Truth, 619-u. Druids, uniformity between the Persian Magi and the, 367-u. Druids, worship of; their dogma and symbolism, 103-I. Druids worshipped Hu and Ceridwen, male and female, 618-u. Duad, a figure of the cube, 5-I. Duad, the origin of contrasts, the imperfect condition, 630-u. Duad, the symbol of diversity, inequality, division, vicissitudes, 630-u. Duad was female and represented matter capable of form, 631-u. Dual Sovereignty of the Universe acknowledged by philosophers, 660-m. Dualism, belief in two adverse principles or, 272275. Dualism of Good and Evil adverse to the doctrine of Unity, 687-u. Dualism of mind and matter the result of the idea of an independent mind, 677-I. Du Barry governing in the name of Louis the 15th, 49-m. Duties grow out of all the relations of life, naturally, undeniably, 832-u. Duties of a Mason are--, 219-I. Duties of a Master of the Symbolic Lodge, 325-333. Duties of life more than life, 151-I. Duties of life still remain to be done and errors combated, 163-I. Duties of Mason not confined to Masons alone, 176-185.
Page n611
their books, 605-111—606. Hindu deities, Brahma, Vishnu, Siva, subordinate to Brehm, 597-I. Hindu Kusch, or Paropismus; Iranian races on Eastern and Southern slopes of the, 601-I. Hindu Mythology abounds in images of serpents, 500-m. Hindu Mythology preserves the legend of the fall of Spirits, 623-I. Hindu name of Deity consists of three letters, A, U, M, 632-I. Hindu religious dogmas epitomized, 604-m. Hindu religion embodied as fundamental principles--, 604-u. Hindus have veneration for the Lingham, a symbol of everproductive nature, 656-u. Hindus lamented the death of Soura-Parama, slain by Soupra-Muni, 595-u. Hindus, seed vessels of lotus a sacred symbol to the, 9-u. Hindus' Trinity became three distinct Deities, 550-m. Hiram, a type of humanity in its highest phase, 225-m. Hiram said by Josephus to have built a Temple to Astarte, 410-I. Hiramic legend represents a murder, restoration, and teaches--, 435-I. Hiram's murder, burial, etc., symbols of the Redeemer, 640-I. History not a fortuitous concourse of events, 646-I. Hoam-ti, third Chinese Emperor, erected a Temple to the Great Architect of the Universe, 615-I. Hobbes says God is inconceivable, 651-u. Hod and Netsach, the thighs of Adam Kadmon, 758-u. Hod, one of the Sephiroth; Glory, 753-m. Hod, with Netsach, is the Perfection of Deity manifested in his Idea of the Universe, 767-m. Holland, Masonry in 1735 prescribed by the states of, 50-m. "Holy Doctrine," the absolute Doctrine of the Hermetics, 840-I. Holy Empire, Holy Realm, Sanctum Regnum, names for Magism, 842-u. Holy Empire is the victory of the spiritual over the human in man, 855-u. Holy Empire of Masonic Brotherhood made possible by the Royal Secret, 861-I. Holy Empire spoken of in the clavicules of Solomon and symbolized, 727-m. Holy Ghost of the Christians corresponds to the Wisdom of the Kabalah, 267-I. Holy House of the Temple, Haikal Kadosh, 816-m. Holy of Holies formed a cube; symbolic meaning, 209-u. Holy Spirit composed of the universal agent, 734-m. Holy Spirit enveloped in silence from the awe of the Mysteries, 849-I. Holy Spirit, the companion of Christ, produced by the Intelligence, 560-m. H, O, M, the three-lettered Persian name of Deity, 632-I. H, O, M, the framer of a new Persian religion; his name was Ineffable, 621-I. Homer makes Zeus resent the accusation that evil comes from the Gods, 690-I. Homer's Zeus an array of antitheses, like that of Hesiod, 689-I. Honor and Duty, a Force; the Polestars of a Mason, 89-I. Honor given to those who stand up for truth and right, 836-m. Honor of a Mason's country identified with his own, 156-m. Hope, a great moral Force, is Strength which ensures success, 91-m. Hope, enemy of avarice, represented by the Moon, 727-I. Hope, for the exceptions to the law that attaches happiness to virtue, 725-I. Hope for the triumph of Good over evil a part of the Masonic creed, 531-u. Hope, no man can struggle and conquer without, 196-I. Hope of a Mason, that all men shall form one family, 233-u. Hope of immortality the aim of ancient wisdom, Mysteries, Masonry, 517-m. Hope of man overcame the terrors of the grave, 653-u. Hope of success, not hope of reward, our stimulus, 229-I. Horace and others declare Zeus ordained evil for beneficent purposes, 691-u. Horus, buried three days, regenerated, 81-I. Horus, Master of Life, 13-u. Horus, one of the Egyptian Triad, was the Son, the Light, 548-I. Horus, son of Isis, died and was restored to life, 406-m. Horus, son of Isis, slew Typhon, aided by Isis, 376-u. Horus, the God of Time, pours ambrosia on the hair of Isis, 379-m. Horus, the younger, the point in a circle, the hieroglyphic of, 79-u. Hospitallers and Templars vowed obedience, poverty, chastity, 802-u. Hospitallers' Houses despoiled by Elizabeth, Queen of England, 802-m. Hospitallers' Houses were Almshouses, Dispensaries, Inns, 802-m. House of all things the name for the Principle of all things, 793-u. House of God may be found everywhere, 241-m. Houses of the Planets, mythological emblems and fables, 470-u. Hu, in Druidical mysteries was represented the death of, 429-I. Hu, the British God, called the Dragon; his car drawn
Page n612
by serpents, 502-u. Hua and Hia, the personal pronoun He, She, masculine and feminine, 698-m. Hua, He, the designating personal pronoun of the Most Holy Ancient, 794-m. Hua, He, the totality of all things; the totality of the Ancient is male, 763-u. Hua means the Male, Creative Principle or Power, 699-u. Hua often used by itself to express Deity, "He", 698-I. Hu-Hi proper for Hua-Hia by omitting the "a", 698-m. Hu-Hi transposed into Ih-Uh, 698m. Hule limits the progression towards Perfection, 555-I. Hule represented as darkness, a void, shadow, 555-I. Human action foreseen, but not controlled, 848-I. Human action not controlled so as to annihilate its freedom, 848-I. Human and Divine intermingled in every Human being, 853-u. Human body with male and female heads standing on a dragon, 850-m. Human Deity an incarnate divinity, 222-I. Human existence, permanent conditions of; result of, 93-I. Human form but the analog of the form taken by Deity, 791-u. Human form is the form of all above and below, 791-u. Human frailty can not bear to suffer for nought, 199-u. Human heart beats for beggar and prince alike, 245-u. Human intellect imposes its own limitations on the Illimitable, 222-I. Human life is a great and solemn dispensation, 199-m. Human Light but a reflection of a ray of the Infinite Light, 246-I. Human mind has no conception of God's nature or modes, 743-u. Human nature not satisfied with a denial of God, 645-I. Human nature possesses an inherent loftiness of ideal, 832-I. Human power, affliction or pain can not be kept out by, 180-I. Human race one great family, 176-m. Human Tetragram is Adam; it is Yod of the Kabalah, image of Phallus, 771-u. Human Thought, Speech, Action, combined, irresistible in results, 320-u. Human understanding does not vacillate at hazard, 842-m. Human Unity made complete by the right and left; primitive man of both sexes, 771-u. Human wisdom intermediate between ignorance and knowledge, 691-I. Humanity, a beauty and glory in, 214-I. Humanity afflicted by prosperity, 307-I. Humanity, as a Unit, existed in Deity, 764-m. Humanity aspires to God, believes in God, hopes in God, 708-m. Humanity, duties of a Mason towards, 176-I. Humanity exalted the highest conception of human thought, 652-u. Humanity has had but one religion and one worship, 102-u. Humanity in its highest phase typified by Hiram, 225-m. Humanity, in the humblest abodes are worked out the problems of, 245-u. Humanity, no one above the trials and frailties of, 180-I. Humanity of Christ, more than his Divinity, which brings him worship, 743-m. Humanity, slow is the advance of, 93-m. Humanity's material, sensual, baser portion represented by the Square, 851-I. Humanity's spiritual, intellectual, moral nature represented by the Compass, 851-I. Humility, patience, self-denial, symbolized by the Cross of Christ, 801-I. Hungus reigned over the Picts in the ninth century; saw St. Andrew's Cross, 801-m. Hyades are five stars in the form of a V, 435-I. Hyperborean regions visited by the Sun Gods, 592-m. Hypocrisy, the homage paid by vice and wrong to virtue and justice, 73-m. Hypothenuse of a right angle triangle represents the nature produced by union, 861-m. Hypothenuse of the right angle triangle is product of Male and Female, 789-m. Hypothenuse represents that nature which is produced by the union of the Divine and Human, 861-m. Hypotheses scientifically are the last shadows of knowledge, 841-m.
Page n613
I, A, O, the three-lettered Greek name of Deity, 632-I. I am alpha and omega, the omnipotent, 701-u. I signified unity, 701-u. Iahaveh, Father, Kabalah ascribes Creation to, 104-m. Ialdaboth caused the Jews to hate and crucify Jesus, 563-I. Ialdaboth made the world and man in his own image, 563-m. Ialdaboth of the Ophites, the Demiourgos, produced an angel, 563-m. Ialdaboth's Sons, by Eve, had children, angels like themselves, 563-m. Iamblichus defines the Egyptian idea of existence, 614-u. Iamblichus taught that the heavens and spheres were part of the Universal Soul, 669-m. Iao, name of one of the Reflections of the Ophites, 563-m. Iao, the sacred name of the Supreme Deity, 700-u. Icelandic Prose Edda, has a dialogue concerning God, 619-m. Idea of Ancient Art is--, 164u. Idea in Deity was the Universe in potence; the sequence was involved, 767-u. Idea of infinity and spirituality eludes us, 222-u. Idea of the Universe existing in Deity as real as Deity himself, 764-m. Ideal justice which men look up to is true, but is not of this world, 835-u. Ideal world, at first, preferred to the real, 674-m. Ideas of Plato correspond to the Ferouers of Zoroaster, 256-u. Idleness is perpetual Despair, 342-u. Idlers and drones not respected by Masonry, 14-u. Idol made of a mind picture same as one of wood, 693-m. Idol of black magic is an Absolute Deity outside of Reason, 737-I. Idol worship the root of all evil, according to the iconoclasts, 691-m. Idolaters make Atheism possible, 737-I. Idolatry did not gain much foothold among the Arabians till--, 616-I. Idolatry forbidden by the early Scandinavians, 618-m. Idolatry grew out of the confounding of the symbol with the object symbolized, 600-u. Idolatry not practiced by Chinese till after Confucius, 615-I. Idolon means "image", 693-m. Idra Rabba, Synodus Magna, a book of the Sohar, says the Deity is in Microprosopos, 793-I. Idra Rabla contains the statement that the left is female; the right, male, 763-u. Idra Suta contains the statements that God coheres with all and all with Him, 761-I. Idra Suta says the continuance of things depended on their being male and female, 800-u. Idra Suta states that the Principle called Father is comprehended in Yod, 792-I. Ignorance is Darkness, 107-m. Ignorance of the causes of phenomena of daily occurrence, 526-530. Ignorance of the essence of Magnetism, heat, light, etc, 570-571. Ignorance selfabandoned to a power tyrannical, 694-I. I, H, U, H designates the generative and conceptive Forces, 267-u. I, H, U, H, The First Born, the Creative Agent, emanated from, 267-u. Ihuh, Abstract Existence above the Alohayim or Al, for the Hebrews, 598-u. IhuhAlhim is the Absolute Existence, 701-m. Ihuh-Alhim: the Substance or Very Self, Alohayim, are manifestations, 568-I. Ihuh, as applied to Deity, represents--, 208-m. Ih-Uh obtained from Hu-Hi by transposition, 698-m. Ihuh, Self-existence, one of the names of Deity on the Delta, 531-I. Ihuh, the name assumed by Deity in his communication with Moses, 697-I. Ihuh, the name that includes all things, the name of the world of. the garment, 750-u. IhUh, the Tetragrammaton or Ineffable Name, 698-m. Ihuh, the Unity in which the many are and out of which all flow, 764-u. Ills of society would be relieved if the world was peopled with Christs, 718-I. Illuminati; The Absolute became the reason for the rites of the, 840-m. Illumination carries its cone of shadow, 847-I. Illusions satisfying the vulgar were coarse forms of--, 653-u. Illustrious Elect (Elu) of the Fifteen, 10th Degree, 160-I. Image successful if it conveys the idea vividly and truthfully, 515-m. Imagery of Orientals a desire to express the Infinite by symbols, 514-I. Imma and Aba; Mother and Father, 757-u. Immortality a natural feeling, an adjunct of self-consciousness, 517-u. Immortality admitted by the Druids; also man's responsibility, 618-u. Immortality and happiness symbolized by Spring, Summer, 447-I. Immortality: categorical questions concerning, 649m. Immortality concurrent with a belief in an infinite Spirit, 517-u. Immortality demonstrated by the law of merit and demerit, 706-I. Immortality exists in the perception
Page n689
symbol in Masonry, formed by the points of the Tetractys, 826-m. Triangle, three great words names of the three sides of the Kabalistic, 104-m. Triangle to all the Sages the symbol of Deity, 861-u. Triangle upon a square within a circle part of an Hermetic symbol, 850-m. Triangle with right angles in a diagram and described, 789-m. Triangles, Kabalistic and Divine, 738-u. Triangles represented in the Stars, 487-m. Triangle's sides offered for the study of the Apprentice, Fellow-Craft, Master, 632-u. Triangle's sides represent Wisdom, Strength, Beauty or Harmony, 826-m. Triangular plate sunk in cube; teachings of the name of Deity engraved on a, 209-u. Triangulation, measurement by, 34-m. Triglav, the three-headed God of the Sclavo-Vendes, 551-m. Triliteral A, U, M gives initiate of the Indian Mysteries, 428-m. Triliteral Iao was the sacred name of the Supreme Deity, 701-u. Trimalcion as Legislator to be opposed by Masonry, 20-I. Trimurti or Brahmin Trinity, Brahma, Vishnu, Siva, 550-m. Trinitarian, Scottish, or Prince of Mercy, the 26th Degree, 524. Trinities of the Ancient Religions, 576-m. Trinities of the Kabalists the origin of the Christian Trinity, 552-m. Trinity, article in all creeds, 57-I. Trinity believed in by Julian; also one God, 731-I. Trinity of attributes of Deity, Justice, Wisdom, Mercy, the ninth Truth of Masonry, 537-u. Trinity of attributes of God, Wisdom, Strength, Harmony, 525-u. Trinity of God's attributes are Perfect and do not conflict, 537-u. Trinity of God's attributes represented by the Triple Tau, 503-I. Trinity of Power, Wisdom and Harmony, 209-I. Trinity of the Chaldean oracles, Light, Fire, Flame, 740-I. Trinity of the Christians; origin of the, 552-m. Trinity of the Druids, significance of names of the, 103-I. Trinity of the Father, the Spirit, the Word, 564-m. Trinity, philosophical dissertation on the, 99-m. Trinity represented by the three sides of the Delta, 531-m. Trinity, the three principles of the, 210-u. Tripartite division of the Good principle, a dogma of the Hindus, 604-m. Triple progression of threes has foundation in the three ages of nature, 631-u. Triple progression, three; three times three; three times nine; three times twenty-seven, 631-u. Triple Tau cross in center of a circle and triangle typifies the Sacred Name, 503-m. Triple Tau represents the creating, preserving, destroying powers, 503-m. Triple Tau represents the three great lights of Masonry, 503-m. Triple triangle, a Pythagorean emblem of Health, 634-m. Triple triangle, a symbol of the Triple Covenant and--, 533-m. Triple triangle among all nations a symbol of Deity, 826-I. Triple triangle and a circle are the Sephiroth, 769-I. Triple triangle found in the number of the offspring of Heaven and Earth, 728-I. Tripod of Pythian Priestess embodied a triple-headed serpent, 501-I. Triptolemus gave initiation to Hercules, 586-u. Trismegistus engraved on stone the dogmas of the science of Magism, 839-I. Trismegistus, Hermes, supposed to have written "Minerva Mundi", 790-m. Triune Deity represented by the cord of the initiate, our cable tow, 361-u. Triune Deity symbolized by the three officers, lights, jewels, pillars, 361-u. Triune God of Chinese alluded to by the symbol Y, 429-m. Trowel an emblem of the Degrees of Prince of Jerusalem, 242-m. Trowel and Sword the emblem of the Templars, 816-m. Trowels of the proscribed Templars built tombs for its persecutors, 821-u. Trowel of the Templars is quadruple, making the Kabalist pantacle, 816-m. True God, only religious requisite is a virtuous life and belief in one, 164-u. "True Mason" styled the twenty-third or the twelfth of the fifth class, 782-I. True name of God to be revealed at the coming of the Messiah, 621-m. True Royal Secret which makes possible the Holy Empire, 861-I. True, the Beautiful, the Good, are but revelations of one and the same Being, 708-u. True things refer themselves to a Unity which is Absolute Truth, 702-m. True Word discovered by the aid of the Tetractys, 88-m. True Word found, without naming, in Hu of the Druids, and Fo-Hi, 702-u. True Word of a Mason finds a meaning in the Ineffable Name of Deity, 697-m. True Word of a Master Mason, 727-u. True Word of a Master Mason, 861-I. True Word said to be lost
Origin Of Pagan Idolatry Vol-i
by George Stanley Faber
Page n274
* (4 ) The story of a ring of mountains gave rise to those circular temples, which were constructed with vast upright stones,'and which have been'called jierhaps too exclusively .Drtiidical structures' Some of the most remarkable edifices of this description, in which large perpendicular'columns supply the place of the fancied hills that form the circle of Ila, ore to be found in our own country; Among these* the gigantic monument of Stonehenge is conspicuously preeminent; and the varied allusion, with which it was erected, is sufficiently manifest*from its several British appellations which have come down to us. it was indifferently * called the circle'of the World, or the circle of the "Ark, or the circle of the mundane 'Ark; and it represented at once the inclosorc of the Noetic Ship, the egg of the Earth, and the zodiacal circle of the Universe in which the Sun, the astronomical representative of the great father, performs his annual‘revolution through the signs. As the temple, such was the worship. Hu and Ceridwen, the British Bacchus and Ceres or the great father and the great ‘mother, were ' venerated conjointly within its mystic inclosure. But, while Hu was astronomically the Sun, ‘his whole history proves him to have been in his human capacity the patriarch Noah; and, while Ceridwen was astronomically the Moon, her character similarly demonstrates her to have been truly the. Ark.
Page n275
termination of one World and the commencement of another. Hence the daughter,™ hose mystic name was the Symbbl of the Egg, bore the additional and (as it w ere) explanatory title of Creirddylad or the Token of floating ; was described as the allegorical offspring of 'the chief, who governed or steered the diluvian vessel; and was said to have been forcibly hurried away by the king of the great abyss: and hence the mother was represented as the deity of a ship formed by the dragon-chief of the world, which passed through the dales of grievous waters having the fore part stored with com, and which with well-connected serpents mounted aloft through the tempest. The import of such language cannot well be mistaken: all possibility of misapprehension however is removed by the circumstance of our. being expressly informed Fy Taliesin, that this goddess; the great mother of the Britons and the mystic consort of the diluvian Hu, was a ship Boating on the water; which was supposed to carry the aspirant into the sea of that Dylan, who was preserved in an ark at the time of the deluge. As for the dragon-chief of the world, who formed the ship of the British Mysteries, and who w as the allegorical parent of the goddess styled the Symbol of the Egg and the Token of floating, he is certainly Noah worshipped in conjunction with the Sun: for both his whole history proves him to be that patriarch, and he is ev en sometimes designated by the very appellation of Noe. * . ‘ 1 i
Page n277
• There is another British temple at Abury/ which' in one respect Is even' more remarkable than Stonehenge. It is at-present nearly destroyed, but it$‘ original form has been very accurately determined to be that of an immense serpent attached tofa circle/ 1 The serpent,'like that with which the Tyrians encompassed the mundane egg/ is devoid of wings ; which seem to have been at pleasure cither added to the hieroglyplric or omitted/ When the whole analogy of’theDrUidical superstition is considered, or I should rather say the superstition of theuniversal gentile world, there cannot beany doubt, as at appears to me, that the serpent was designed to represent the greatserpentgod Hu; and the circle or superficial egg, ’that mysterious vessel which the Druids were accustomed to style the Ark of'the •world. In short, the serpent and the ring or egg, whether they occur in Britain, Persia, Egypt, Phcnicia, or Hindostan, symbolize alike the great father and the great mother of pagan mythology/
Page n433
The fourth river ss THAT Euphrates: as much as to say, that ■c.cll-kncn.n Euphrates. In Laun it,would run. Quantum vero Jhtmen est ISTE Phrat. It is not .improbable, that the word Euphrates has been made up of the very phrase here used by Moses, which may bare been the common raodc'of speaking of that great river. Hu expression is Eu Phrat or That PtrOt. *
Page n501
* The island Leuci, which I have mentioned in this catalogue, is situated in the Euxlnesea. In aspect it resemble* a serpent or a Urge fi*b floating on the water, and it fa stiff the popular opinion, that it abound* with serpent*. Aman Says, that it wu sometimes denominated the caurxe of Achilla, that Thcti* was fabled to bare given it to that hero, that hu ghost still int habited it, and that hu temple and ttatue both of ancient workmanship were to be *«n there. With the hero-god Achille* was worshipped hi* friend Patroclu* No human being inhabited the island but certain aquatic bird* alone had the care of ibe temple. Every morning they repaired to theses, wetted their w/wgt, and sprinkled the sacred edifice: afterwards, they care* fully swept its pavement with their plumage. Cut this marvellous region was not solely tenanted by the shades of the two Grecian warriore* it was likewise thought to be the general abode of the souls of ancient heroes. Armn. Perip. Pont. Cux. p. 21. Strab. Geog lib vi,. p. 306. Pau*. Lacon. p 200. VtoA Nero i*. Fompon Mel. lib. n. c. ?.f Fest. Alien. Orb. Descript. See Clarke's Trawl* vol. i e. 25.
Page n510
This title, which is pure Celtic, seems to prove very clearly that the Cimbn ought to be ascribed to the Celtic stock * Yet, in their attack on the Romans, they were associated with an apparently Gothic or Scythian tribe for the Teutones, as we may^ collect from their name, were of Teutonic or Teutsch or German origin The religion of the two great families of the Celts and the Goths was fundamentally the same, though subsisting under different modifications Hence vve are told, that the Teutones, no less than their allies the Cimbn, venerated the brazen bull, which symbolized the great god Hu or Esay or Noe, as he was variously denominated Such venera tion is perfectly in character with the accounts, which have come down to us of the Gothic superstition The three principal deities of that mythology •were supposed to have been bora from a wonderful cow, which doubtless represented the great mother for we find, that the chariot of that goddess was wont to be draw n by sacred heifers, previous to the ceremony of so lemnly committing her to the water* of a holy lake 4
Page n514
Egyptians to consecrate a lion to Vulcan or Phtha, to worship that animal in a peculiar manner nt the city of Lcopolis, and to esteem him the symbol of Horus or the younger Osiris.1 And it was the same superstition, equally operating in countries widely separated from each other, which taught the Persians to represent Mithras with the head of a lion as well as with that of a bull; the Assyrians and Hindoos, to depict the solar Adad and Surya as a man riding on the bach of a lion; the ancient Arabs, to venerate Yaghuth .under the form of a lion; the Celtic Druids, to consider a lion as a fit type of their god Hu; and the Mexicans of Tabasco, to worship the image of a lion as a present and potent divinity/
Page n516
the eagle itself was consecrated by bis votaries from the most remote antiquity.' The classical Jupiter was not only attended by ad eagle, but was likewise himself feigned to have assumed the shape of one.* The British Hu again was symbolized by an eagle1 And that same bird entered also into the composition both of the Gothic Rodigast, of the Celtic Pohehenius, and of the Chinese Lui-Shin.4
Page n556
j We have now traced the hieroglyphic of the snake in application to the , great father through i the mythologies of the most celebrated nations of the earth: we snail equally meet with it, and in precisely the sdme application, in thc*mystic theology of the Druids. The god Hu or Noe, who is the allegorical husband of the Ship-goddess Cendwen, who (as we have already observed) is represented by the Cherubic symbol the bull, and who is described as having been preserved in an ark during the prevalence of an universal deluge, is styled, in the writings of the bard*, the glancing Hu, the gliding king, and the' dragon sovereign of Britain. Trom one of those poems we may collect, that a living Serpent-was venerated as the symbol of the deity and, as serpents agreeably to their supposed sacred nature were kept by the Egyptians in their temples; so the dragon, which typified the
Page n557
nrUte god Hu, is described, as moving round the huge stones of Cner-Sidi or Stone-hengCj-oud ns pursuing a retreating goddess who is staled the fair otic. The whole seems to allude to some then well-known fablej which most probably was nearly allied to die legend of Jupiter violating Proserpine under the form of a serpent and by her becoming the father of the infernal Bacchus.’ Hu at least was certainly the same deity as the classical Huas or Bacchus, and w as w orshipped together w ltli Ceres and Troserpine in a ■manner which exactly resembled the Orgies of the Samothracian Cabin/ JBut the ophite Jupiter and the ophite Bacchus, though placed in the relation to each other of father and son, are confessed by the old mytbologists to have been fundamentally one deity. * ^ ,
Page n565
the Greeks, Ceres and Bacchus; and among the Britons, Ceridwen and Hu. These they represent separately: but, when considered as blended together jn one hieroglyphic, they then shadow* out the same great father and great mother united in the single mysterious person of the hermaphroditic Ardha-nari, Adonis, or Zeus, of the Hindoo, Phenician, or Orphic, theology. Sometimes the egg is associated with two serpents, in which cose the great mother is twice represented by the egg and the female serpent. This we may collect from the fable mentioned by Athenagoras, respecting the incestuous commerce of Jupiter and Rhea under the precise appearance of the two serpents 'which arc twisted round the globe-surmounted caducous of Hermes or Taut. But,,whatever may be the subordinate variations of the symbo), it was al«aj*s designed to shadow out the great father and the great mother, or, when the two were united together * in one compound character, the great hermaphroditic parent of the Universe.
Page n569
Thus one of the eight mystic forms of the Indian Siva, a number which evidently alludes to the ogdoad conspicuous in doth the two first families is said to be the performer of a‘sacrifice.1 Thus the Egyptian Thoth or Taut w ho is the same as Buddha or Cadam, is described as the original inventor of sacrificial rites.1 Thus the Egyptian Osiris, who is clearly no other than the Greek Dionusus and the Indian Siva or Istvara, is celebrated as the person, who first instructed mankind in the worship of the gods; with which, as I have just observed, sacrifice was ever inseparably united.’ Thus the Etruscan Janus was thought by the Italians to have first taught them to build temples to the gods, and to have instituted the sacred rites with which they were adored.4 Thus the Argive Phoroneus, who was accounted the first of men and who is made coeval with the flood, is said to have first built a temple and an altar for sacrificial purposes to Juno.1 Thus the Chinese Fohi is represented as carefully breeding seven sorts of animalsr the number according to which‘Noah was directed to take the clean animals into the Ark, for the purpose of sacrificing them to the supreme spirit of heaven and earth 6 Thus the Babylonian Xisuthrus, when he quitted the ark within which he had been preserved, is said to have built an altar and offered sacrifices to the gods.7' Thus both the Greek and the Scythic Deucalion is'equally described, as building an’ altar, and as offering up sacrifices immediately after the deluge.8 Thus the British Hu, who withseven companions sailed in nn ark over the interminable ocean, is cminentlv stjled the sacrifiter.' Ahd thus the Peruvian Monco-Copac is supposed to have first reclaimed mankind from a savage life and to have taught them the worship of his father the Sun 1
The altar, on which the primeval sacrifice was offered up, has been elevated to the sphere and the legends, which arc there attached to it, all tend to refer us to the same period for the origin of the nte On the sphere itself we behold the fabulous centaur, the reputed son of Cronus but by Ljeophron rightly identified with Cronus himself , 1 issuing from the ship Argo, and -bearing on Ins lance a victim towards the altar for the purpose of sacrificing it 4 and nt arc told, that on this same altar Jupiter offered an oblation, when going to the war of the Titans, or rather (as the scholiast on Aratus more accurately gives the tradition) when returning victorious from that war r The Titanic war however relates altogether to the deluge, and is the >Cry same as the war of T ) plion or the ocean dgainst the hero gods.* consequently, the sacrifice of J upitcr on the altar is no other than the first post-diluvian sacrifice of Noah Hence, m allusion to the flood, we ore informed, that Night, whom the Orphic poet identifies with the infernal Vefius or the great arkitc mother, was the person that placed the altar among the constellations, in pity of the calamities inflicted upon men by the tempestuous ocean 7
Origin Of Pagan Idolatry Vol. 2
by Faber, George Stanley
Page n18
50. Hu, Beli, Belatucader, Abeliion - - - -
Page n77
JilUd Prydu'cn, uc enter (d into the deep ; excepting seven, none have returned from Caer Sidi, Davies’s Mythol, of Brit. Druids, p. 515. The prison of Gvvair or the inclosure of Sidi, the Sida of the Hindoos, the Saida of the Canaanites, the Said of the Egyptians, the Sito or Ceres of the Sicilians, in other words the great mother represented by the circular inclosure of Stonehenge that Druidical copy of the circle of Ha; the incloiure of Sidi is the Ark: Gwair or Hu or the just roan is Noah, the Sadik of Moses and Sanchoniatho; the doleful song on account of sull'ered calamity answers to the lamentations for Cannaces or Adonis or Osiris: and the seven, who alone return with him in safety froin^the deep where all the rest of mankind had perished, are family, the same as the seven Cabiri or seven Titans or seven Rishis of Hindostan, who at the end of each world arc preserved with a Menu in a capacious ark during the prevalence of an universal deluge.
Page n120
The Amschaspands, who are invoked along with Ormuzd and the Moon, were thought to be seven primitive celestial spirits. * Their number, joined to the general context of the prayers and of the history, points out very unequivocally what persons are intended by them. They are palpably the same as the seven inferior Rishis of Hindostan, who were saved with the head of their family in an ark; the same as the seven ancient personages, who alone returned with the British just man Hu from the dale of the grievous w aters, when he navigated an ocean without shore in the mystic ship which was a form of the great nwther Ceridwen; the same as the seven Heliadae, whose father Helias or the Sun once crossed the sea in a golden cup, and w'ho w^as represented by the Egyptians sailing in a boat; the same as the seven Titans, whG were the children of the older Titan, Cronus or Saturn or Noah; * the same as the seven Cory ban tes, who were the offspring of Corybas by the nymph Theba or the Ark; and the same as the seven Phenician Cabiri, who w^ere the sons of Sydyk or the just man, who were thought to have built the first ship, and who consecrated the relics of the ocean to Neptune at Berytus. They are the same likewise as the seven primeval celestial spirits of the Japanese: and, to return to the Zend-Avesta, they are the same also as those Karfesters, %vho are described as escaping from the deluge and as commencing the parents of a new race on the summit of mount AlbordL For, as Cronus and the seven Titans were exempted from the general de-
Page n159
* The hierophantf by whom the bard has been initiated into the Mysteries of the navicular Hu and Ccridwcn, the great father and great mother of Celtic theology.
Page n159
^ Or Hu, the helio-arkite Noah.
Page n160
Disturbed is the island of the praise rf Hu, the island f the severe remunerator f eoen Mona of the generous bowls which ardmate vigour, the island whose barrier is the Mena} Deplorable is the fate of the ark saved from drowning at the era of an inundation by a Campsa, a word which inditfercntly signitiesan ark and a crocodile, must clearly have been Noah or the Menu-^atyaviatu of Hindustan. Cumberland’s Sanchou. p. 34—60. Shuckford’s Connect. \ol. i. book iv. p. 207* THE OltrOIN OF PAGAN IDOLATRY.
Page n329
called Dee or Deva in honour of the great mother and from Hu himself being styled Dtun,
Page n332
IX. The assertion of Artemidorus and Dionysius, that Ceres and Proserpine and Bacchus were worshipped by the Celts of Britain with rites similar to those of Sainothrace, has been most amply confirmed by a recent inquiry into the theological system of the British Druids, instituted from original native documents with equal learning and ingenuity.* It thence appears, that their Orgies had just the same relation to the deluge as those of the Samothracians, and that they worshipped a triad consisting of the god Hu and the two goddesses Ceridwen and Creirwy; who, like the classical Ceres and Proserpine, were viewed as a mother and a daughter. Now the character of Hu is thus generally summed up by Mr. Davies from those mythological compositions of the bards, which are denominated triads; and, like that of Osiris or Bacchus or Siva, it is palpably the character of Noah.
Page n332
With this character of Hu, every thing that is said of him will be found exactly to correspond.
Page n333
6ut the circle of stones was not the only temple of Hu: as both that cirdtei and island in tlie sea or in a lake, equally symbolized the World and ttm Aflc; SahiS sanctuaty is said to have been in an island surrounded by the tide, or on a' wide lake, or on the surfoce of the ocean, or on the ninth wave, di^’onaltotlr beyond'the billow, described as the .rock of the supreme pro-
Page n336
Such a conjecture would be highly probable, were the Israelites the only people upon record, whose priests were accustomed to bear a sacred ark in solemn procession: but, so far is this from being the case, that the rite prevailed in every part of the gentile world, orij^ating no doubt from a strong tradition of the Ark and the dpluge. Hence I feel thoroughly persuaded, that the ark of these Americans was no other than the ark of Sjva, Osiris, Ammon, Adonis, Bacchus, Attis, Hu, aod Menu; and that their tlieplogy, so far from being a corruption of the Mosaical Institntes, was in reality that very Diluvianism which constituted so large a part of the religion of the gasoo** It must be confessed, that Yo-He-IVqh, as MrAdair writes the title of the ark-god, bears a considerable resemblance tp the name J[ehovah: but I more tlian auspect, that he has combined into one word'what ought to he eonaiderqd as two distinct invocations. Purchas, giving an account from Champlain of the aaine American re^on, tells us, that, when the inhabitants wore celebrating their sacred rites, all the females present stripped themselves naked, and in this condition joined ia a frantic song and dance. ‘'When they had tinished, they exclaimed with one voice, -He, Ho, Ho.; and then resumed titeir garments. Aller a while they again cast them aside, again performed
Page n337
In this narrative Mr, Adair would doubtless have discovered the Trinity; and would have pronounced the god, denominated the son, to be the Mimra or filial Word of the ancient Targumists: yet it distinctly enough sets fortli to us nothing more than the religious notions and practices of tlie old pagans, and thus confirms the supposition that the sacred ark was the ark of Bacchus or Osiris. The deity, whom these Americans venerated, was palled Ho ; and they thrice invoked him in allusion to that mystic triplication so highly celebrated by the gentile hierophants. He is the same, even in title, as the Hu. of the Britons and the Haas of the Greeks; and the name Ho is evidently what Mr. Adair writes Vo. This then, as vve collect from Champlain, is the title of the god : but the natives, it appears, used also another exclatpatiun, which Mr. Adair expresses dividedly He-JVah. lam inclined to belipvCi that, .as Ho is Hu or Bacchus, so we liave here no other than the Bacchic cry of Hevah or and consequently tliat t|)e exclamation Vo-
Page n339
That Mr. Adair is mistaken in deducing the northern Americans from the Israelites, and that I have rightly identified their ark-god Ho with Hu or Huas, will appear yet more decidedly, if we examine the theology of those two nations of the new world, which had made the greatest progress in civilization, or (as I suspect we ought rather to express ourselves) had the least degenerated into the savage ^tate from the institutes of their ancestors.
Page n347
Any one in the least degree conversant with tlie mythology of the pagans cannot avoid being struck with the perfect resemblance of character between MancO'Capac, and Osiris, Dionusus, Hu, Phoroneus, Cronus, and Janus,
Page n353
afterwards furnished by captain Cooke, shew pretty evidently, that he was the great universal father of the gentile world, venerated alike throughout the eastern and the western continent The ark, furnished with staves for the purpose of being carried by Uie priests in solemn procession, is the same sacred boat, as the Argo of Ammon or Osiris, the Argha of Siva, and the ark of Bacchus, Hu, Ho, and Vitzliputzli. Its square aperture or door, furnished with an interior ring, is no other than the sacred oracular navel or omphalus.* And the god, who was thought to lie concealed within it, is that j)rimeval character, whose mystic concealment or a[)hanism formed so prominent a feature in the ancient Orgies. It was not however so much the god himself who was thought to be hidden within the ark, as his symbol or representation. What this symbol was, we are not able positively to say; for the Otaliciteans, it appears, were as unwilling to expose the contents of their sacred ark to the eyes of the profane, as the hierophants of the Dionysic Mysteries: but I more than suspect, that it was the very same as that, which was inclosed within the ark of Bacchus, and which w as so generally esteemed by tlie pagans the peculiar type of the great father. The name of this ark-god was Ooro, Now, though I wish not to build upon etymology; yet, when I observe such decided marks of resemblance between the Otaheitean theology and that of Egypt, I am strongly inclined to conjecture, that this Ooro is the same even in appellation, no less than in character, as the Ilorus of the Egyptians and the Auri of the Hindoos.
Page n391
Budd, Buddugre, Bud-Ner, and Buddwas, fvere varied appellations of die principal Celtic god Hu, who was adored in the stupendous circle of Stonehenge: consequently, Stonehenge may in this manner be justly said to have been a temple of Buddha and a representation of the Sakya-valya or mundane ring of Saett* This divinity, considered as Buddha or Teut, is ri^dy pronounced by Cesar, Minucius Felix, and Livy, to be Mercuiyr or Hermesbut, in his Brahmenical character, he is with equal propriety declared by Diodorus to be Apollo, and by Dionysius to be Liber or Bacchus.
Page n399
The coins of Janus exhibited on one side the double face of the god, and on the reverse either a ship or the stern or prow of a ship. Macrobius and Ovid say,*that this device was adopted to commemorate the arrival of the ship of Saturn: but Plutarch is not satisfied with* the solution; and .still inquires, why such a symbol should adorn the medals of Janus.* In fact, if Saturn be esteemed a distinct character from Janus, the device of the ship ought rather to have been stamped on the coins of the former than on those of tlie latter; and this not improbably produced the question, which is asked by Plutarch: but Saturn, and Janus, and Carneses, were all equally and properly that first navigator, who was the king and the instructor of an infant world. The true reason, in short, why the coins of J^nus exhibited the impression of a ship, may best be collected from what Athen^us tells us respecting him. He says, that he was the first inventor of barks and ships; a circumstance, which at once accounts for the reverse of his medals, and points out with sufficient clearness his real character.* Accordingly, in his aboriginal chapel he had an ancient ark, as we learn from Septimius Serenus; much in the same manner, I apprehend, as Dionusus, Osiris, Adonis, Siva, Hu, or Mexifli.* Yet, although Saturn, Janus, and Carneses, be severally Noah; still, when associated together as partners in empire, they
Page n419
This is the masculine form of Cali: for there is a goddess Cali as well as a god Cala, in like manner as there is a goddess Ila and a god Ilus. Cala and Cali, or Ilus and Ila, arc that*grcat universal father and mother, who were jointly venerated under so many different titles throughout the pagan world: in other words, they arc the transmigrating Noah and the mundane Ark. Accordingly we find, that, as the Hindoos gave tlie name of Cala to Menu or J3ud(lha, who w»as saved at the period of a general deluge; so in the sacred hooks of the Persians mention is made of an universal inundation, there named the deluge of Timc^ w'hich is equivalent to the deluge of Cala.'' It was from this title of Buddha, unless I greatly mistake, that the old Irish borrowed the sacred appellation Cal or 6W/, which they bestowed upon their god Tat or Taut, whom we have already seen to be the same as Buddha or Thoth or Taut or Teutates. He was their Ilercules-Mercury, whom the Goths or Scythians venerated under the name of JVudd or IToden. Sometimes they called him Cully which is only a slight variation of the same radical word : and, in honour of him, either they or their Celtic brethren of Scotland, and the latter is a still more stupendous pyramid in Wiltshire, similarly composed of earth. It stands in front of the Druidical temple of Abury; •which, from its form, exhibiting as it docs the figure of a snake attached to a circle, was certainly dedicated to the dragon-god Hu or the serpent Cnuphis of Egyptian theology. Such vicinity points out very unequivocally the nature of Silbury. It was a hill representing that; which, in the Druid ical system, was esteemed the bed or grave of the great father, of which the diluvian Hu was said to be the ruler, and to the top of which the vessel with the strong door or Ceridwen in the form of a ship was believed to have been conveyed with infinite toil and labour. The amazing bulk of it betrays the same painfully fanatical humour, which has produced so many parallel structures in different parts of the globe. It rises full south of Abury, and it stands exactly between the head and the tail of the enormous mimic serpent. The figure, which it presents, is that of a truncated confe: whence its top is a circular plain, exhibiting the sacred ring of Ila *.
Page n265
of the Druidlcal goddess yet remain imdifferent parts of this kingdom, chap, They are denominated ICist-Vacm or stone-chests: and’they are universally formed by three 'large upright stones, placed rectangularly to each other, and covered by a fourth which‘serves as a lid. Their front aspect is a rude but exact miniature copy of the Egyptian temple at Essnay: and it exhibits consequently, like that temple, the appearance of a cavern in a rock*. These stone-arks,.as they were4 sometimes called, represented the womb of the great mother, who took the form of a ship at the time of the deluge and^thus conveyed>the god Hu in safety over the mighty waters. Hence there was a notion, that they were rolled from the valley to the top of a mountain by the single mighty hand of the primeval archdruid, though so large that sixty oxen could not have moved one of them: hence also, as the great father was said to have been imprisoned within the womb of the ship Ceridwen, these stone-arks were viewed as prisons:-and hence the, imitative aspirant, when about to be initiated, was placed within the cavern which they fanned,” and was then allegorically spoken of as entering into the womb of the goddess or as being confined within a prison*. They were, in fact, superterranean grottos within a small artificial rocky hill: and, accordingly, the stone, which served as a roof, was usually laid in a slanting postuie, so as to imitate the descent of a mountain, and thus to facilitate the access to the summit which in imitation of Ararat served as a sacrificial altar. t >
Page n275
on the deluge as the ship Argha; just as Sidee is a title of Ceridwen,- ^\ho similarly floated 'on the deluge in the form of a ship bearing Hu Or Noe in safety over its -waves. Thus it is manifest, that the name Caer-Sidec is precisely equivalent in all lespects to the name Ila-vratfa. Whence it mil follow, that Stonehenge was a designed copy of the ring of Ua 01 (as it is sometimes called) the ring of Buddha-Sahya, which is feigned to crown the summit of Mem or Ararat. As Ceridwen however was the goddess of the Ark, do less than the goddess of the World; so the imitative CaerSidee represented the microcosmic Ship resting on the top of the mountain, do less than the Megacosm which was oncfe confined to the insular circle ■of the Armenian peak. Both these ideas were ingeniously combined together in a single appellation, by which the Druids were wont to distinguish the vast ring of Stonehenge: they called it the Ark of the World— If such a title required any explanation, it would receive it from the character of the deities, to whom the temple was dedicated. The commoq sanctuary of Noe and Eseye, or of Hu and Ceridwen who is the Isi of Hindostan, is said to be the great stone fence or the circular mound constructed ofstone-work. Now this sanctuary, from the very description of it, must either have been Stonehenge or some other similar edifice; which is perfectly immaterial to the point in question, for analogy-demonstrates that the many stone circles of the Druids were all constructed under the influence of the same ruling idea. But Hu and Ceridwen, or the ship-god and the ship-goddess, are most undoubtedly Noah and the Ark. Therefore Stonehenge was plainly called the Arh of the World, because it was viewed as a copy of the inclosing Ark of Noah—This conclusion is further established, Doth by the singularlanguage of the bards, and by the other names which were bestowed upon Cacr-Sidee. Though the mythologic poets of Britain tell us, that the common sanctuary of the great father and great mother was the vast circle of stone-work; yet they likewise speak t>f that sanctuary, as being surrounded by the tide, and as reposing upon the surface either of a wide lake or of the boundless ocean. Now, as such descriptions have but ill accorded with Stonehenge since the portentous day w hen it crossed the Irish sea at the high behest of the enchanter Merlin, and as the deities of Stonehenge were Noe and a Ship: wo may safely Pag. Idol vol. hi. 2N
Page n276
venture to transfer both them, and the legendary vo}rage of the Wiltshire temple, to the leal floating sanctuary, of which that temple was only a symbol, and of which the true Noe was the pilot. Yet, agreeably to the uniform tenor of Paganism, which always blends together in the person of one goddess both the Ark and the World, the Druids, by the names which they imposed upon their Caer-Sidee, never suffer us to forget, that, although it shadows out the diluvian Ship, it does not shadow it out simply or exclusively. ’ They variously denominated this magnificent temple the mundane rampart, the mundane circle of stones, the circle of the World, the stall of the cow or of the navicular Ceridwen i-enerated like Isi and Isis under the form of that animal, the circle of Sidee, and the mound constructed of stonework representing the World *—Each of the trilithons of Stonehenge, as they are called by Stukeley, formed a noble portal: and through these portals, primarily representing the door of the Ark, but finally the various multiplied astronomical doors of the Sun and the Moon and the Planets, the aspirants were conducted into the interior, and were said to be regeneiated by so holy a passage—The edifice has been originally composed of two concentric circles, inclosing an elliptical adytum or cell: and, in the very midst of that cell, is a large flat stone, which has usually been deemed the altar. As for the adytum, it plainly answers to that interior sacellum, which in artificial temples was called the cavern; and it was devoted, I apprehend, to the very same purposes: while the supposed altar was the mythologic grave or bed of Hu, respecting which more shall be said in its proper place—In this temple Hu was venerated as the serpent god *: and to that circumstance w e may ascribe the dracontion figure attached to the ring of Abury. The two together formed the hieroglyphic of the serpent and the circle: and, as the serpent-god was usually said to have wings, the whole composed the famous Egyptian symbol of the globe and the winged serpent; which Kircher has idly fancied to be an emblem of the Trinity. It was in truth the type of the serpent Cnuphis: but Cnuphis was the same divinity as the serpent Hu.
Page n301
Exactly the same ideas prevailed among the old Britons. They had the tomb of Tydain or the solar Hu, in the border of what they denominated the mount of Aren: and the resting-place or coffin of Dylan, who is the same diluvian personage under a different name, is said to be the temple of the navicular ox surrounded by the deafening wave'. Each Kist vaen also, or mystic stone cell of Ceridwen, was deemed sepulchral: and, in the Druidical Mysteries, ere the noviciate passed the river of death in the boat of Garanhir or Charon, it was requisite that he should have been allegorically buried under the great stone, as welt as have allegorically become defunct *•. From these principles I argue analogically, that the large fiat slab in the centre of Stonehenge, which has often been taken for an altar, was really the mystic tomb of Hu or Tydain; just as a similar stone in the midst of the Egyptian temple of Cnuphis was a sepulchre of Osiris.
Page n306
will be found in the morning either dead or raving-mad or endued with, supernatural genius f. So again, Plutarch mentions, on the authority of a traveller named Demetrius, that, in one of the sacred islands on the coast •of Scotland, Cronus lay extended in a profound sleep, the ‘giant Briareus being his guard, and various other demons his attendants4. This British Saturn is clearly the same personage as Hu or Tydain or Elphin .* and, accordingly, the grave or resting-place of that deity in the border of the sacred mount-was denominated his Bcdd; whence our English word Bed has palpably been derived *. A similar double notion was attached, I make no doubt, to the slab in the centre of Stonehenge: it was at once the bed and the grave of the great father. Agreeably to this supposition, we find in Ireland a Druidical temple, which to this day bears the name of the bed of Dlarmod or the bed of the omnipotent divinity. There is likewise another temple at Glan-Or in the same country, which is called the bed of the hag or the bed of the giantess. The masculine deity thus described was certainly the great father: and the hag'or giantess was the fury Ceriduen or the gigantic great mother, whom the bards were accustomed to celebrate as the ancient giantess grimly smiling in her wrath \ -
Page n332
Bueno, whom the monks have transformed into a wonder-working saint,( was an ancient Druidical god, ,the same as JHu or Noe or Tydain : for his temple is mentioned by,Taliesin; and is described by that bard, as being on the border of a sacred mount where the",wave makes an overw helming din, and as containing the mystic bed or tomb of Dylan who with bis consort was preserved in an ark at the period of an universal deluge. Perhaps I should express myself.with moie accuracy, if I said that Bueno was a title of the god Hu-Noe, who must doubtless be identified with Dylan son of the oceanfor,‘in the Celtic, the word, agreeably to the mythulogic character of the god, denotes the hull of the ship \
Page n334
Pag, Idol. VOL. in. 2U Bardsea and other similar islets, it was a sea-girt sanctuary of the old superstition of the country. It boldly rises out of the sea in the figure of a cone, the top of which is crowned with the remains of an ancient castle: and within its piecincts are the ruins of the conventual and cathedral church of Lindisfarne. Such a form was peculiarly valued by the old hierophants, as exhibiting Mentor Ararat surrounded by the retiring deluge: and I am greatly mistaken, if this island was not a holy wave-beaten mountain of Hu, where his bed or resting-place was exhibited from the earliest ages. When the Britons were converted to Christianity, the pagan sanctuary, according to the plan so geneially adopted, became the scite of a church. Under the Saxons, it was piobably again devoted to the rites of Paganism: and, when they at length received the gospel, the ancient holy place was made the seat of the extensive diocese of Northumberland. Thus, with the exception of the Danish inroads, matters remained, until the episcopal see was removed o Durham.
Page n470
* w. ktion with the Tanga-tapga of the old Peiuvians; who, like the other tribes of America, seem plainly to have crossed over from the north-eastern extremity of Sibeiia. Agreeably to the mystical notion so familiar to the Hindoos, that the self-triplicated great father yet remained hut one in essence, the Peruvians supposed their Tanga-tanga to be one in three and three in one: and, in consequence of the union of hero-w6rship with the astronomical and material systems of idolatry, they venerated the Sunand the Air, each under three images and three names The same opinions equally prevailed throughout the nations, which lie to the west of Hrndostan. Thus the Persians had their Ormuzd, Mithras, and Ahriman; or, as the matter wast sometimes represented, their self-triplicating Mithras. The Syrians had their Monimus, Aziz, and Ares *. The Egyptians had their Emeph, JEicton, and Phtha \ The Greeks and Romans had their Jupiter, Neptune, andPluto; three in number though one in essence, and all springing from Cronus a fourth yet older god. The Canaanite3 bad their Baal-Shalisha ror < self-triplicated Baal \ The Goths had their Odin, Vile, and Ve; who’are described as the three < sons of Bura the offspring of the mysterious cow*.; And the Celts had their three bulls, venerated as the living symbols of the triple Hu or Menu. To the same class we must ascribe the triads of the Orphic and Pythagorean and Platonic schools; each of which must f again be identified with the imperial triad of the old Chaldaic or Babylonian philosophy. This last, according to the account which is given of it by Datnoscius, was a triad shining throughout the whole world, over phich presides a monad 6. Here again, though couched in the jargon of astronomical Sabianism, we have an allusion to the triple dm*- slow of live world among those, who were the children of the single gtcat father, but who in the sphere were venerated as the threefold Sun. The'e three, thus springing from a monad, are the three younger Noes or Intelligences, produced from that primeval Nous; who was himself an universal intellectual sovereign, but who delegated his authority to his three ema-
Page n496
grated to the shores of the Euxine *. Among the Britons, it was aclnow1 edged that the solar Hu was indeed the father of all mankind: yet, as he is declared to have been the first bard or druid, he seems to be claimed as the peculiar ancestor of the sacerdotal caste; for the royal and proud line of that dignified race is declared to be the special ornament of this most ancient divinity, while in return he is said to be the parent and the king of the bards \ Lastly, among the Peruvians, the royal family of the Yncas was viewed as a wholly distinct race from their subjects* They were obeyed, not more as sovereigns, than as visible representatives of the chief divinity. Through their first human ancestor Mango-Copac, they traced their lofty genealogy from the god of day: the blood of these children of the Sun, for such was the general appellation by which they were distinguished, was held to be sacred: and, by the prohibition of all intermarriages between the governing family and the people, it was never contaminated by mixing with the plebeian streams that circulated through vulgar veins1. Sir William Jones has too hastily pronounced all the Peruvians to be of the line of Ham. That their sovereigns were, cannot, I think, be doubted: wnd the particular family, whence they originated, is clearly enough pointed out in the name of their capital Cusco; which is but an inversion of Coh, Cus or Caucasus.
Page n693
41. 20. Tor Pherephalta read Pherephatla G5. 22. For Arahamn read Ardhanart 87. 10. Insert a comma after Hence 120. 5. For Ha read Hu
Page n13
Welsh literature—The bona fides of the British gods—Arianrhod—Dylan—The Taliesn-Ceridwen myth—Hu Gadarn—British deities and the Mabinogion— Authentic character of some of Iolo Morganwg’s sources—Beli and Balor—Beli and Cernunnos—The environment of the Otherworld of British myth—Its weird and mystical nature—Its several neighbourhoods—The true enclave of British Mysticism—The Fortress of Glass—The castle of Caer Pedryvan—Has the faculty of revolving—The prison of Ochren—Davy Jones and his ‘‘locker’’— Sir John Daniel on Caer Sidi—Miss Eleanor Hull on the legends of Annwn— The Pheryllt, a college of magicians—Their dwelling on Snowdon—Conclusion 131
Page 45
In Wales, at least up to the year 1538, oxen were offered up to the idol of a “saint” or deity, Darvell Gadarn, as we learn from the contents of a letter written by Ellis Price to Thomas Cromwell, Secretary of State to Henry VIII, dated April 6th, 1538, from the diocese of St. Asaph. The people, says Price, flocked to this idol on April 5th, bringing oxen and kine. The idol was carried to Smithfield and duly burned, along with the priest who ministered to it and who bore the same name with itself. Now the name Darvell Gadarn closely resembles that of Hu Gadarn, an ancient British deity associated with the cult of the ox, and I have formed the impression that the prefix “Darvell”’ is a corruption of the Welsh word for a bull, tarw. Darvell Gadarn, I may add, has some reputation in Wales as a “‘saint’’.
Page 137
As regards the mysterious Hu Gadarn, who was, perhaps, the chief prop and stay of Davies’ absurd theory that the foundations of Welsh myth rested upon the legend of the Ark, we are scarcely on very safe ground. In the second volume of his Mabinogion M. Loth has made it abundantly clear that the triads which relate to this personage are late in date. Judging by what these triads have to say of him, he appears to have been a species of culture-hero, who came from the East, taught the Cymry the art of ploughing and divided them into septs or clans. He it was who dragged the monster Avanc from the depths of a lake which had overflowed, thus causing the primal flood, by the help of his oxen. He was also a kind of Apollo, the inventor of music and song. To his later apparent avatar as Darvell Gadarn I have already alluded. It may be that Hu Gadarn represents a later culture-hero, and the general resemblance of what we know of his myth to that of the Egyptian Osiris appears to me to associate him in a measure with the legend of the divine king, of which importation it may perhaps constitute a memory. Herbert imagined him as a ““NeoDruidic Bacchus”, as he is styled ‘the giver of wine’, and, drawing on references
Page 138
from Iolo Goch, in Davies, states that his name Gadarn (which he here spells “Cadarn’’) is reminiscent of war. ‘Hu Gadarn was the commander of the elements and the inhabitant of the Sun.’’ He was “‘the concealed God”, and was invoked as creator. Herbert agrees with Davies that he is a combination of Noah and Bacchus. This, of course, is mere mythological guesswork, yet I think that the rough resemblance to Osiris holds good and that Herbert is correct in regarding Hu Gadarn as a deity of the Neo-Druidic cultus. Rhys regards him as a British Hercules, and surmises that he was superseded by Arthur. He points out that even in the fourteenth century the semi-pagan school, that of Taliesin, was so strong in Wales that it extracted a vigorous rebuke from a Welsh priest and poet, Sion Kent, who alluded to its personnel as “‘the Men of Hu, whose muse was the genius of lying, as distinguished from the better muse that was of Christ’. The Men of Hu retaliated by charging the Christian poets with gross ignorance of the mysteries of bardism. What the Taliesin School meant to imply, continues Rhys, when they bragged of their transformations into various forms, was associated with the magical powers of the initiated, who could assume any form they chose and could command the elements according to their will. They knew the Otherworld, the chairs of Ceridwen and Teyrnon. Their boasts, he thought, are similar to those of the Irish seer Amergin, the Milesian prophet, as found in The Book of Leinster, where he specifies his arcane knowledge. M. D’Arbois de Jubainville translates and recounts the same in his Ivish Mythological Cycle, comparing it with the Taliesin passage. This is important, for if we agree with these conclusions it follows that much of what has been thought of as referring to reincarnation or transmigration can be nothing else than allusions to a magical potency of identifying oneself with natural objects by the process of arcane will-power.
Page 139
The principal British deities who make an appearance both in the Mabinogion stories and in the Welsh poems of antiquity are Beli, Llyr, Bran, Don, Teyrnon, Pryderi, Dylan, Gwydion, Rhiannon, Ceridwen, Taliesin, Hu Gadarn and Arianrhod. The recognition of these in both sources appears to me to give them a satisfactory mythic status. Beli is of importance to us as an arcane figure and with his myth Professor Gruffydd has dealt in a manner which could scarcely be surpassed by the most acute among folk-lore proficients. Indeed, he and other Welsh litterateurs are much too modest in their estimate of their own powers of traditional elucidation. Beli, he tells us, was among the most famous of the legendary kings of Britain. Rhys correctly equated him with the Irish Bile, and the correspondence between the Beli of the Cambrian annals and the Bile of the Annals of Ulster ‘makes this identification certain’’.1° There also appears to be a certain equivalence betwixt him and the Irish Cyclops, Balor of the Evil Eye. In Welsh poetry he is associated with a spear of surpassing might. He is buried in ‘‘the Great Plain” Maes Mawr, which equates with the famous Irish Magh Mor, and a plain so named exists in the Benlli Gawr district in Wales, near Rhyd y Gyvarthva. In Welsh verse Beli is called the son of Benlli the Giant, concerning whom a story is told by Nennius which appears to associate him still more closely with Balor. According to Milton, St. Michael’s Mount, in Cornwall, was connected with a giant, Bellerus, as Tory Island, off the north, coast of Ireland, was with Balor. In popular Cornish tradition the giant of St. MicHdel’s Mount had but one eye in the midst of his forehead, a circumstance which again links him with Balor. “‘Beli’s own particular country seems to be Gwynedd, or even Arvon, whenever he is not mentioned in connection with the whole island of Britain.”
Page 157
That Mithraism powerfully influenced the Neo-Druidic or Arthurian cult there is considerable proof. That it was among those influences which in Britain made for the later complete acceptance of the Christian faith is certain. To some extent it mimicked the Christian faith when this came to be accepted by the Roman emperors and thus protected itself against persecution and extinction. The Roman Emperor Julian, known as “the Apostate’’ (fl. 331363), particularly affected it, and in his day it possessed numerous apostles and converts both in Gaul and Britain. The Roman poet Ausonius, who sang the praises of the Gaulish scholars of Bayeux, and dwelt upon their descent from the Druidical worshippers of the god Beli, associates these in his verses with the Appolinarian mystics (a Christian schism), and fairly numerous allusions to ideas obviously Mithraic appear in the Welsh Triads and poems, which seem to enshrine memories of this cultus in Britain. As we have seen, a Welsh bard of the fifteenth century distinguished between “‘the bards of Hu” and those of Christ. Indeed, there was little in Druidism with its fire-worship and bull-sacrifice which might not be found also in Mithraic doctrine. It appears to me as highly probable that the remaining Bards of Britain in the fifth century, possessing, as they did, a fragmentary tradition of Druidic dogma, combined this with acceptanges from a rather contorted species of Mithraism, and I have formed the opinion that this amalgamation is largely represented in the ‘revived cultus of Arthur, which became the hope of that religious knighthood which sought to liberate the southern portion of Britain from the onsets of the Saxon and the Pict. Indeed, the myth appears to be Osirian, the ritual Mithraic.
Page 194
Abred, the circle of, 129 f. Aderyn y corph, bird of death-warning in Wales, 84 i ‘ Amangons, King of Logres: and the Grailcup, 167 Ambrosianus Aurelianus (or Ambrosius Aurelius), a British leader: alleged uncle of Arthur, 150-1 Amergin, an Irish Druid: his transformation, 15; boasts of his arcane knowledge, 138 Amulets, magical, in Scotland, 72 Aneurin, a Welsh bard, 44 Anglesey, Suetonius attacks Druids in, 42, 52 Angus, Irish god of youth: his magical abilities, 33 Annwn, the circle of, 129-31; ‘‘The Spoils of’ (poem on), 130, 143-4 Arthur, a British deity: as a raven or chough, 83, 151-2; supersedes Hu Gadarn as god of the Neo-Druidic cultus, 138; his ship of glass, 142; his cultus in general, 145 ff.; an emanation of the sun-god Beli, 151; his resemblance to Cuchullin, 151; not a historical figure, 145-6; derivation of his name, 146; his mythic relationships, 146; central figure of a late British pagan cultus, 146 f.; Uther as his father, 147; probabilities concerning the cult of, 148; a sun-god of the British Celts, 148; revival of his cult, 149; as ‘‘divine king’, 152; as ‘‘the Maimed King” of the Grail legend, 152; and the myth of Cronus, 1 52-3; Compared with Osiris, 154 f.; his dialogue with a mystical eagle, 159; mystical birds and animals associated with his cult, 160; his footsteps cause sterility, 172; as the Grail King, 172 Astrology, Celtic, 131-2 Avanc, a Welsh water-monster, 93 Avellenau, the, a Welsh mystical poem, 74 Awenydhyon, a divinatory caste in early Wales, 98
Page 196
Hu Gadarn, a British deity, 137-8; “‘the Men of Hu’’, 138
The Secret Teachings of all Ages Manly P. Hall
Describing the temples of the Druids, Charles Heckethorn, in The Secret Societies of All Ages & Countries, says:
"Their temples wherein the sacred fire was preserved were generally situated on eminences and in dense groves of oak, and assumed various forms--circular, because a circle was the emblem of the universe; oval, in allusion to the mundane egg, from which issued, according to the traditions of many nations, the universe, or, according to others, our first parents; serpentine, because a serpent was the symbol of Hu, the Druidic Osiris;cruciform, because a cross is an emblem of regeneration; or winged, to represent the motion of the Divine Spirit. *** Their chief deities were reducible to two -- a male and a female, the great father and mother--Hu and Ceridwen, distinguished by the same characteristics as belong to Osiris and Isis, Bacchus and Ceres, or any other supreme god and goddess representing the two principles of all Being.
Godfrey Higgins states that Hu, the Mighty, regarded as the first settler of Britain, came from a place which the Welsh Triads call the Summer Country, the present site of Constantinople. Albert Pike says that the Los Word of Masonry is concealed in the name of the Druid god Hu. The meager information extant concerning the secret initiations of the Druids indicates a decided similarity between their Mystery school and the schools of Greece and Egypt, Hu, the Sun God, was murdered and, after a number of strange ordeals and mystic rituals, was restored to life.
For further details, see Faber's Pagan Idolatry, Albert Pike's Morals and Dogma, and Godfrey Higgins' Celtic Druids.
Godfrey Higgins' Celtic Druids
Page 25
In the Letters of Archbishop Usher, No. 81, it is stated by a Mr. Davis, who was employed by the Bishop to procure manuscripts for him in the East, that he learned from the Samaritans, that their nation pronounced the word Jehovah Ye hue h, in Hebrew miT Ieue. This must be y, as i in pine ; e, as a in ale ; hu, as hu in Hume, or as u in use.
Page 101
f This is an example of the usual practice of going to the gods, when the pedigree can be traced no higher. Hu the mighty, was the Hebrew article Kin hua, ille ipse. It is equivalent to the t b Avto of Plato. This is pointed out by my much esteemed and learned friend, A . Pictet, of Geneva, p. 133.
Page 180
The name of Baal, which is synonymous with Seathar or Seadhac , is found in Wales, Gaul, and Germany. This God is also called Bel or Beli. In Hebrew Baal is written ^2 Bol. With the Welsh, the God Bel or Beli was called Hu . J On the first of May the Irish made great fires in honour of Bel or Baal, and offered him sacrifices. They have yet a festival on the first of May called Bealtine, when, on the tops of their hills, they light great fires.
Page 180
% The Hu which has just been noticed as one of the names of Baal or Bel in Welsh, is nothing but the Hebrew article Nin hua, ille ipse, often used as the name of God. Plato uses the same expression r b Airb, when he speaks of the first being, The Self-existent Being.
Morals and Dogma Albert Pike
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Page n148
It was not without a secret meaning, that twelve was the number of the Apostles of Christ, and seventy-two that of his Disciples: that John addressed his rebukes and menaces to the Seven churches, the number of the Archangels and the Planets. At Babylon were the Seven Stages of Bersippa, a pyramid of Seven stories, and at Ecbatana Seven concentric inclosures, each of a different color. Thebes also had Seven gates, and the same number is repeated again and again in the account of the flood. The Sephiroth, or Emanations, ten in number, three in one class, and seven in the other, repeat the mystic numbers of Pythagoras. Seven Amschaspands or planetary spirits were invoked with Ormuzd: Seven inferior Rishis of Hindustan were saved with the head of their family in an ark: and Seven ancient personages alone returned with the British just man, Hu, from the dale of the grievous waters. There were Seven HeliadAj, whose father Helias, or the Sun, once crossed the sea in a golden cup; Seven Titans, children of the older Titan, Kronos or Saturn; Seven Corybantes; and Seven Cabiri, sons of Sydyk; Seven primeval Celestial spirits of the Japanese, and Seven Karfesters who escaped from the deluge and began to be the parents of a new race, on the summit of Mount Albordi. Seven Cyclopes, also, built the walls of Tiryus.
Page n236
There was a surprising uniformity in the Temples, Priests, doctrines, and worship of the Persian Magi and British Druids. The Gods of Britain were the same as the Cabiri of Samothrace. Osiris and Isis appeared in their Mysteries, under the names of Hu and Ceridwen; and like those of the primitive Persians, their Temples were enclosures of huge unhewn stones, some of which still remain, and are regarded by the common people with fear and veneration. They were generally either circular or oval. Some were in the shape of a circle to which a vast serpent was attached. The circle was an Eastern symbol of the Universe, governed by an Omnipotent Deity whose centre is everywhere, and his circumference nowhere: and the egg was an universal symbol of the world. Some of the Temples were winged, and some in the shape of a cross; the winged ones referring to Kneph, the winged Serpent-Deity of Egypt; whence the name of Navestock, where one of them stood. Temples in the shape of a cross were also found in Ireland and Scotland. The length of one of these vast structures, in the shape of a serpent, was nearly three miles.
Page n242
In Egypt they were Osiris and Isis: in India, Mahadeva and Bhavani: in PhA"nicia, Thammuz (or Adonis) and Astarte: in Phrygia, Atys and Cybele: in Persia, Mithras and Asis: in Samothrace and Greece, Dionusos or Sabazeus and Rhea: in Britain, Hu and Ceridwen: and in Scandinavia, Woden and Frea: and in every instance these Divinities represented the Sun and the Moon.
Page n276
The ceremonies commenced with a hymn to the sun. The candidates were arranged in ranks of threes, fives, and sevens, according to their qualifications; and conducted nine times around the Sanctuary, from East to West. The candidate underwent many trials, one of which had direct reference to the legend of Osiris. He was placed in a boat, and sent out to sea alone, having to rely on his own skill and presence of mind to reach the opposite shore safety. The death of Hu was represented in his hearing, with external mark of sorrow, while he was in utter darkness. He met with many obstacles, had to prove his courage, and expose his life against armed enemies; represented various animals, and at last, attaining the permanent light, he was instructed by the Arch-Druid in regard to the Mysteries, and in the morality of the Order, incited to act bravely in war, taught the great truths of the immortality of the soul and a future state, solemnly enjoined not to neglect the worship of the Deity, nor the practice of rigid morality; and to avoid sloth, contention, and folly.
Page n322
The British God Hu was called "The Dragon—Ruler of the World," and his car was drawn by serpents. His ministers were styled adders. A Druid in a poem of Taliessin says, "I am a Druid, I am an Architect, I am a Prophet, I am a Serpent (Gnadi)." The Car of the Goddess Ceridwen also was drawn by serpents.
Page n396
There was a surprising similarity between the Temples, Priests, doctrines, and worship of the Persian Magi and the British Druids. The latter did not worship idols in the human shape, because they held that the Divinity, being invisible, ought to be adored without being seen. They asserted the Unity of the Godhead. Their invocations were made to the One All-preserving Power; and they argued that, as this power was not matter, it must necessarily be the Deity; and the secret symbol used to express his name was O.I.W. They believed that the earth had sustained one general destruction by water; and would again be destroyed by fire. They admitted the doctrines of the immortality of the soul, a future state, and a day of judgment, which would be conducted on the principle of man's responsibility. They even retained some idea of the redemption of mankind through the death of a Mediator. They retained a tradition of the Deluge, perverted and localized. But, around these fragments of primitive truth they wove a web of idolatry, worshipped two Subordinate Deities under the names of HU and CERIDWEN, male and female (doubtless the same as Osiris and Isis), and held the doctrine of transmigration.
Page n447
So x"x.x-x"x™x [HUA-HIA], He-She, could properly be written x"x-x"x™ [Hu-HI]; or by transposition of the letters, common with the Talmudists, x™x"-x«x" [IH-UH], which is the Tetragrammaton or Ineffable Name.
Page n449
This was the profound truth hidden in the ancient allegory and covered from the general view with a double veil. This was the esoteric meaning of the generation and production of the Indian, Chaldean, and PhA"nician cosmogonies; and the Active and Passive Powers, of the Male and Female Principles; of Heaven and its Luminaries generating, and the Earth producing; all hiding from vulgar view, as above its comprehension, the doctrine that matter is not eternal, but that God was the only original Existence, the ABSOLUTE, from Whom everything has proceeded, and to Whom all returns: and that all moral law springs not from the relation of things, but from His Wisdom and Essential Justice, as the Omnipotent Legislator. And this TRUE WORD is with entire accuracy said to have been lost; because its meaning was lost, even among the Hebrews, although we still find the name (its real meaning unsuspected), in the Hu of the Druids and the Fo-Hi of the Chinese.
Page n587
nature over the material urged in the Degrees, 855. Dominion, one of the last four Sephiroth of the Kabalah, 848-I Domitian, horrors of despotism under, 27-u. Domitian, reference to the reign of, 47-I, 3-u. Domitian, "that most savage monster", 49-m. Doric order of architecture represents the ineffable degrees, 202-u. Double nature of man, though he is one, 861-I. Doubt and question must accompany man's onward progress, 712-I. Doubt, who shall decide in honest, 166-u. Dove, Raven, Phoenix, are symbols of Light, Darkness and Beauty, 792-m. Draco made the astronomical cincture of the Universe, 498m. Draco or Jefferies as Judge to be opposed by Masonry, 20-I. Dragon finally absorbed by and united with the Principle of Good, 499-I. Dragon foe struck down by Mithras, 612-I. Dragon the image of Ahriman, 257-I. Dragon, winged, a symbol of Matter or Salt, 774-m. Dragons and Serpents, something divine in the nature of, 494-I. Dragons figure in other than astronomical legends, 499-m. Drama of Hiram and the Mysteries teach the victory of Good over Evil, 435-I. Dream phenomena are mysteries little understood, 733-I. Dreams are realities while they last, 166-u. Dresden Reformed or Rectified Rite, that of Ramsay, 779-I. Druidic Temples and Chapters, 235-I. Druidic Temples recording the meteoric cycles, 236-u. Druidical ceremonies came from India; originally Buddhists, 367-u. Druidical Hu contains the True name of Deity, 702-u. Druidical initiate called thrice born when ceremony completed, 430-m. Druidical Mysteries conform to those of other nations, 367. Druidical Mysteries explained the primitive truths, 430-I. Druidical Mysteries, initiate placed in a tomb in the, 430-I. Druidical Mysteries, Initiations performed at midnight in the, 367-I. Druidical Mysteries, periods of the festivals of the, 367-I. Druidical Mysteries resembled those of the Orient; description of, 429-m. Druidical religion's idea and doctrines, 618-u. Druidical rites refer to astronomical phenomena, 502-u. Druidical sacred Triad inscribed on a cruciform tree, 504-u. Druidical subterranean grotto at New Grange in Ireland, 504-m. Druidical Temple in the Island of Lewis, Scotland, 504-m. Druids admitted immortality, judgment, man's responsibility, 618-u. Druids asserted the Unity of the God-head and invoked One Power, 618-u. Druids considered the cross a sacred symbol, 504-u. Druids cut a tree in the shape of a Tau cross and inscribed it, 504-u. Druids did not worship idols, holding Divinity to be invisible, 618-u. Druids' doctrines taught--, 168-m. Druids exercised considerable secular as well as religious power, 618-I. Druids expressed Deity by the symbol O.I.W, 618-u. Druids expressed the name of Deity by the letters O.I.W, 622-u. Druids, first, children of the Magi; initiation from Egypt and Chaldea, 103-I. Druids had sacred regard for the odd numbers, 618-m. Druids had some idea of redemption and a Redeemer, 618-u. Druids held the doctrine of transmigration, 618-u. Druids imparted secrets without the use of audible language, 372-m. Druids of Britain similar to the Magi of the Persians, 617-I. Druids studied astronomy and practiced the Masonic virtue, Truth, 619-u. Druids, uniformity between the Persian Magi and the, 367-u. Druids, worship of; their dogma and symbolism, 103-I. Druids worshipped Hu and Ceridwen, male and female, 618-u. Duad, a figure of the cube, 5-I. Duad, the origin of contrasts, the imperfect condition, 630-u. Duad, the symbol of diversity, inequality, division, vicissitudes, 630-u. Duad was female and represented matter capable of form, 631-u. Dual Sovereignty of the Universe acknowledged by philosophers, 660-m. Dualism, belief in two adverse principles or, 272275. Dualism of Good and Evil adverse to the doctrine of Unity, 687-u. Dualism of mind and matter the result of the idea of an independent mind, 677-I. Du Barry governing in the name of Louis the 15th, 49-m. Duties grow out of all the relations of life, naturally, undeniably, 832-u. Duties of a Mason are--, 219-I. Duties of a Master of the Symbolic Lodge, 325-333. Duties of life more than life, 151-I. Duties of life still remain to be done and errors combated, 163-I. Duties of Mason not confined to Masons alone, 176-185.
Page n611
their books, 605-111—606. Hindu deities, Brahma, Vishnu, Siva, subordinate to Brehm, 597-I. Hindu Kusch, or Paropismus; Iranian races on Eastern and Southern slopes of the, 601-I. Hindu Mythology abounds in images of serpents, 500-m. Hindu Mythology preserves the legend of the fall of Spirits, 623-I. Hindu name of Deity consists of three letters, A, U, M, 632-I. Hindu religious dogmas epitomized, 604-m. Hindu religion embodied as fundamental principles--, 604-u. Hindus have veneration for the Lingham, a symbol of everproductive nature, 656-u. Hindus lamented the death of Soura-Parama, slain by Soupra-Muni, 595-u. Hindus, seed vessels of lotus a sacred symbol to the, 9-u. Hindus' Trinity became three distinct Deities, 550-m. Hiram, a type of humanity in its highest phase, 225-m. Hiram said by Josephus to have built a Temple to Astarte, 410-I. Hiramic legend represents a murder, restoration, and teaches--, 435-I. Hiram's murder, burial, etc., symbols of the Redeemer, 640-I. History not a fortuitous concourse of events, 646-I. Hoam-ti, third Chinese Emperor, erected a Temple to the Great Architect of the Universe, 615-I. Hobbes says God is inconceivable, 651-u. Hod and Netsach, the thighs of Adam Kadmon, 758-u. Hod, one of the Sephiroth; Glory, 753-m. Hod, with Netsach, is the Perfection of Deity manifested in his Idea of the Universe, 767-m. Holland, Masonry in 1735 prescribed by the states of, 50-m. "Holy Doctrine," the absolute Doctrine of the Hermetics, 840-I. Holy Empire, Holy Realm, Sanctum Regnum, names for Magism, 842-u. Holy Empire is the victory of the spiritual over the human in man, 855-u. Holy Empire of Masonic Brotherhood made possible by the Royal Secret, 861-I. Holy Empire spoken of in the clavicules of Solomon and symbolized, 727-m. Holy Ghost of the Christians corresponds to the Wisdom of the Kabalah, 267-I. Holy House of the Temple, Haikal Kadosh, 816-m. Holy of Holies formed a cube; symbolic meaning, 209-u. Holy Spirit composed of the universal agent, 734-m. Holy Spirit enveloped in silence from the awe of the Mysteries, 849-I. Holy Spirit, the companion of Christ, produced by the Intelligence, 560-m. H, O, M, the three-lettered Persian name of Deity, 632-I. H, O, M, the framer of a new Persian religion; his name was Ineffable, 621-I. Homer makes Zeus resent the accusation that evil comes from the Gods, 690-I. Homer's Zeus an array of antitheses, like that of Hesiod, 689-I. Honor and Duty, a Force; the Polestars of a Mason, 89-I. Honor given to those who stand up for truth and right, 836-m. Honor of a Mason's country identified with his own, 156-m. Hope, a great moral Force, is Strength which ensures success, 91-m. Hope, enemy of avarice, represented by the Moon, 727-I. Hope, for the exceptions to the law that attaches happiness to virtue, 725-I. Hope for the triumph of Good over evil a part of the Masonic creed, 531-u. Hope, no man can struggle and conquer without, 196-I. Hope of a Mason, that all men shall form one family, 233-u. Hope of immortality the aim of ancient wisdom, Mysteries, Masonry, 517-m. Hope of man overcame the terrors of the grave, 653-u. Hope of success, not hope of reward, our stimulus, 229-I. Horace and others declare Zeus ordained evil for beneficent purposes, 691-u. Horus, buried three days, regenerated, 81-I. Horus, Master of Life, 13-u. Horus, one of the Egyptian Triad, was the Son, the Light, 548-I. Horus, son of Isis, died and was restored to life, 406-m. Horus, son of Isis, slew Typhon, aided by Isis, 376-u. Horus, the God of Time, pours ambrosia on the hair of Isis, 379-m. Horus, the younger, the point in a circle, the hieroglyphic of, 79-u. Hospitallers and Templars vowed obedience, poverty, chastity, 802-u. Hospitallers' Houses despoiled by Elizabeth, Queen of England, 802-m. Hospitallers' Houses were Almshouses, Dispensaries, Inns, 802-m. House of all things the name for the Principle of all things, 793-u. House of God may be found everywhere, 241-m. Houses of the Planets, mythological emblems and fables, 470-u. Hu, in Druidical mysteries was represented the death of, 429-I. Hu, the British God, called the Dragon; his car drawn
Page n612
by serpents, 502-u. Hua and Hia, the personal pronoun He, She, masculine and feminine, 698-m. Hua, He, the designating personal pronoun of the Most Holy Ancient, 794-m. Hua, He, the totality of all things; the totality of the Ancient is male, 763-u. Hua means the Male, Creative Principle or Power, 699-u. Hua often used by itself to express Deity, "He", 698-I. Hu-Hi proper for Hua-Hia by omitting the "a", 698-m. Hu-Hi transposed into Ih-Uh, 698m. Hule limits the progression towards Perfection, 555-I. Hule represented as darkness, a void, shadow, 555-I. Human action foreseen, but not controlled, 848-I. Human action not controlled so as to annihilate its freedom, 848-I. Human and Divine intermingled in every Human being, 853-u. Human body with male and female heads standing on a dragon, 850-m. Human Deity an incarnate divinity, 222-I. Human existence, permanent conditions of; result of, 93-I. Human form but the analog of the form taken by Deity, 791-u. Human form is the form of all above and below, 791-u. Human frailty can not bear to suffer for nought, 199-u. Human heart beats for beggar and prince alike, 245-u. Human intellect imposes its own limitations on the Illimitable, 222-I. Human life is a great and solemn dispensation, 199-m. Human Light but a reflection of a ray of the Infinite Light, 246-I. Human mind has no conception of God's nature or modes, 743-u. Human nature not satisfied with a denial of God, 645-I. Human nature possesses an inherent loftiness of ideal, 832-I. Human power, affliction or pain can not be kept out by, 180-I. Human race one great family, 176-m. Human Tetragram is Adam; it is Yod of the Kabalah, image of Phallus, 771-u. Human Thought, Speech, Action, combined, irresistible in results, 320-u. Human understanding does not vacillate at hazard, 842-m. Human Unity made complete by the right and left; primitive man of both sexes, 771-u. Human wisdom intermediate between ignorance and knowledge, 691-I. Humanity, a beauty and glory in, 214-I. Humanity afflicted by prosperity, 307-I. Humanity, as a Unit, existed in Deity, 764-m. Humanity aspires to God, believes in God, hopes in God, 708-m. Humanity, duties of a Mason towards, 176-I. Humanity exalted the highest conception of human thought, 652-u. Humanity has had but one religion and one worship, 102-u. Humanity in its highest phase typified by Hiram, 225-m. Humanity, in the humblest abodes are worked out the problems of, 245-u. Humanity, no one above the trials and frailties of, 180-I. Humanity of Christ, more than his Divinity, which brings him worship, 743-m. Humanity, slow is the advance of, 93-m. Humanity's material, sensual, baser portion represented by the Square, 851-I. Humanity's spiritual, intellectual, moral nature represented by the Compass, 851-I. Humility, patience, self-denial, symbolized by the Cross of Christ, 801-I. Hungus reigned over the Picts in the ninth century; saw St. Andrew's Cross, 801-m. Hyades are five stars in the form of a V, 435-I. Hyperborean regions visited by the Sun Gods, 592-m. Hypocrisy, the homage paid by vice and wrong to virtue and justice, 73-m. Hypothenuse of a right angle triangle represents the nature produced by union, 861-m. Hypothenuse of the right angle triangle is product of Male and Female, 789-m. Hypothenuse represents that nature which is produced by the union of the Divine and Human, 861-m. Hypotheses scientifically are the last shadows of knowledge, 841-m.
Page n613
I, A, O, the three-lettered Greek name of Deity, 632-I. I am alpha and omega, the omnipotent, 701-u. I signified unity, 701-u. Iahaveh, Father, Kabalah ascribes Creation to, 104-m. Ialdaboth caused the Jews to hate and crucify Jesus, 563-I. Ialdaboth made the world and man in his own image, 563-m. Ialdaboth of the Ophites, the Demiourgos, produced an angel, 563-m. Ialdaboth's Sons, by Eve, had children, angels like themselves, 563-m. Iamblichus defines the Egyptian idea of existence, 614-u. Iamblichus taught that the heavens and spheres were part of the Universal Soul, 669-m. Iao, name of one of the Reflections of the Ophites, 563-m. Iao, the sacred name of the Supreme Deity, 700-u. Icelandic Prose Edda, has a dialogue concerning God, 619-m. Idea of Ancient Art is--, 164u. Idea in Deity was the Universe in potence; the sequence was involved, 767-u. Idea of infinity and spirituality eludes us, 222-u. Idea of the Universe existing in Deity as real as Deity himself, 764-m. Ideal justice which men look up to is true, but is not of this world, 835-u. Ideal world, at first, preferred to the real, 674-m. Ideas of Plato correspond to the Ferouers of Zoroaster, 256-u. Idleness is perpetual Despair, 342-u. Idlers and drones not respected by Masonry, 14-u. Idol made of a mind picture same as one of wood, 693-m. Idol of black magic is an Absolute Deity outside of Reason, 737-I. Idol worship the root of all evil, according to the iconoclasts, 691-m. Idolaters make Atheism possible, 737-I. Idolatry did not gain much foothold among the Arabians till--, 616-I. Idolatry forbidden by the early Scandinavians, 618-m. Idolatry grew out of the confounding of the symbol with the object symbolized, 600-u. Idolatry not practiced by Chinese till after Confucius, 615-I. Idolon means "image", 693-m. Idra Rabba, Synodus Magna, a book of the Sohar, says the Deity is in Microprosopos, 793-I. Idra Rabla contains the statement that the left is female; the right, male, 763-u. Idra Suta contains the statements that God coheres with all and all with Him, 761-I. Idra Suta says the continuance of things depended on their being male and female, 800-u. Idra Suta states that the Principle called Father is comprehended in Yod, 792-I. Ignorance is Darkness, 107-m. Ignorance of the causes of phenomena of daily occurrence, 526-530. Ignorance of the essence of Magnetism, heat, light, etc, 570-571. Ignorance selfabandoned to a power tyrannical, 694-I. I, H, U, H designates the generative and conceptive Forces, 267-u. I, H, U, H, The First Born, the Creative Agent, emanated from, 267-u. Ihuh, Abstract Existence above the Alohayim or Al, for the Hebrews, 598-u. IhuhAlhim is the Absolute Existence, 701-m. Ihuh-Alhim: the Substance or Very Self, Alohayim, are manifestations, 568-I. Ihuh, as applied to Deity, represents--, 208-m. Ih-Uh obtained from Hu-Hi by transposition, 698-m. Ihuh, Self-existence, one of the names of Deity on the Delta, 531-I. Ihuh, the name assumed by Deity in his communication with Moses, 697-I. Ihuh, the name that includes all things, the name of the world of. the garment, 750-u. IhUh, the Tetragrammaton or Ineffable Name, 698-m. Ihuh, the Unity in which the many are and out of which all flow, 764-u. Ills of society would be relieved if the world was peopled with Christs, 718-I. Illuminati; The Absolute became the reason for the rites of the, 840-m. Illumination carries its cone of shadow, 847-I. Illusions satisfying the vulgar were coarse forms of--, 653-u. Illustrious Elect (Elu) of the Fifteen, 10th Degree, 160-I. Image successful if it conveys the idea vividly and truthfully, 515-m. Imagery of Orientals a desire to express the Infinite by symbols, 514-I. Imma and Aba; Mother and Father, 757-u. Immortality a natural feeling, an adjunct of self-consciousness, 517-u. Immortality admitted by the Druids; also man's responsibility, 618-u. Immortality and happiness symbolized by Spring, Summer, 447-I. Immortality: categorical questions concerning, 649m. Immortality concurrent with a belief in an infinite Spirit, 517-u. Immortality demonstrated by the law of merit and demerit, 706-I. Immortality exists in the perception
Page n689
symbol in Masonry, formed by the points of the Tetractys, 826-m. Triangle, three great words names of the three sides of the Kabalistic, 104-m. Triangle to all the Sages the symbol of Deity, 861-u. Triangle upon a square within a circle part of an Hermetic symbol, 850-m. Triangle with right angles in a diagram and described, 789-m. Triangles, Kabalistic and Divine, 738-u. Triangles represented in the Stars, 487-m. Triangle's sides offered for the study of the Apprentice, Fellow-Craft, Master, 632-u. Triangle's sides represent Wisdom, Strength, Beauty or Harmony, 826-m. Triangular plate sunk in cube; teachings of the name of Deity engraved on a, 209-u. Triangulation, measurement by, 34-m. Triglav, the three-headed God of the Sclavo-Vendes, 551-m. Triliteral A, U, M gives initiate of the Indian Mysteries, 428-m. Triliteral Iao was the sacred name of the Supreme Deity, 701-u. Trimalcion as Legislator to be opposed by Masonry, 20-I. Trimurti or Brahmin Trinity, Brahma, Vishnu, Siva, 550-m. Trinitarian, Scottish, or Prince of Mercy, the 26th Degree, 524. Trinities of the Ancient Religions, 576-m. Trinities of the Kabalists the origin of the Christian Trinity, 552-m. Trinity, article in all creeds, 57-I. Trinity believed in by Julian; also one God, 731-I. Trinity of attributes of Deity, Justice, Wisdom, Mercy, the ninth Truth of Masonry, 537-u. Trinity of attributes of God, Wisdom, Strength, Harmony, 525-u. Trinity of God's attributes are Perfect and do not conflict, 537-u. Trinity of God's attributes represented by the Triple Tau, 503-I. Trinity of Power, Wisdom and Harmony, 209-I. Trinity of the Chaldean oracles, Light, Fire, Flame, 740-I. Trinity of the Christians; origin of the, 552-m. Trinity of the Druids, significance of names of the, 103-I. Trinity of the Father, the Spirit, the Word, 564-m. Trinity, philosophical dissertation on the, 99-m. Trinity represented by the three sides of the Delta, 531-m. Trinity, the three principles of the, 210-u. Tripartite division of the Good principle, a dogma of the Hindus, 604-m. Triple progression of threes has foundation in the three ages of nature, 631-u. Triple progression, three; three times three; three times nine; three times twenty-seven, 631-u. Triple Tau cross in center of a circle and triangle typifies the Sacred Name, 503-m. Triple Tau represents the creating, preserving, destroying powers, 503-m. Triple Tau represents the three great lights of Masonry, 503-m. Triple triangle, a Pythagorean emblem of Health, 634-m. Triple triangle, a symbol of the Triple Covenant and--, 533-m. Triple triangle among all nations a symbol of Deity, 826-I. Triple triangle and a circle are the Sephiroth, 769-I. Triple triangle found in the number of the offspring of Heaven and Earth, 728-I. Tripod of Pythian Priestess embodied a triple-headed serpent, 501-I. Triptolemus gave initiation to Hercules, 586-u. Trismegistus engraved on stone the dogmas of the science of Magism, 839-I. Trismegistus, Hermes, supposed to have written "Minerva Mundi", 790-m. Triune Deity represented by the cord of the initiate, our cable tow, 361-u. Triune Deity symbolized by the three officers, lights, jewels, pillars, 361-u. Triune God of Chinese alluded to by the symbol Y, 429-m. Trowel an emblem of the Degrees of Prince of Jerusalem, 242-m. Trowel and Sword the emblem of the Templars, 816-m. Trowels of the proscribed Templars built tombs for its persecutors, 821-u. Trowel of the Templars is quadruple, making the Kabalist pantacle, 816-m. True God, only religious requisite is a virtuous life and belief in one, 164-u. "True Mason" styled the twenty-third or the twelfth of the fifth class, 782-I. True name of God to be revealed at the coming of the Messiah, 621-m. True Royal Secret which makes possible the Holy Empire, 861-I. True, the Beautiful, the Good, are but revelations of one and the same Being, 708-u. True things refer themselves to a Unity which is Absolute Truth, 702-m. True Word discovered by the aid of the Tetractys, 88-m. True Word found, without naming, in Hu of the Druids, and Fo-Hi, 702-u. True Word of a Mason finds a meaning in the Ineffable Name of Deity, 697-m. True Word of a Master Mason, 727-u. True Word of a Master Mason, 861-I. True Word said to be lost
Origin Of Pagan Idolatry Vol-i
by George Stanley Faber
Page n274
* (4 ) The story of a ring of mountains gave rise to those circular temples, which were constructed with vast upright stones,'and which have been'called jierhaps too exclusively .Drtiidical structures' Some of the most remarkable edifices of this description, in which large perpendicular'columns supply the place of the fancied hills that form the circle of Ila, ore to be found in our own country; Among these* the gigantic monument of Stonehenge is conspicuously preeminent; and the varied allusion, with which it was erected, is sufficiently manifest*from its several British appellations which have come down to us. it was indifferently * called the circle'of the World, or the circle of the "Ark, or the circle of the mundane 'Ark; and it represented at once the inclosorc of the Noetic Ship, the egg of the Earth, and the zodiacal circle of the Universe in which the Sun, the astronomical representative of the great father, performs his annual‘revolution through the signs. As the temple, such was the worship. Hu and Ceridwen, the British Bacchus and Ceres or the great father and the great ‘mother, were ' venerated conjointly within its mystic inclosure. But, while Hu was astronomically the Sun, ‘his whole history proves him to have been in his human capacity the patriarch Noah; and, while Ceridwen was astronomically the Moon, her character similarly demonstrates her to have been truly the. Ark.
Page n275
termination of one World and the commencement of another. Hence the daughter,™ hose mystic name was the Symbbl of the Egg, bore the additional and (as it w ere) explanatory title of Creirddylad or the Token of floating ; was described as the allegorical offspring of 'the chief, who governed or steered the diluvian vessel; and was said to have been forcibly hurried away by the king of the great abyss: and hence the mother was represented as the deity of a ship formed by the dragon-chief of the world, which passed through the dales of grievous waters having the fore part stored with com, and which with well-connected serpents mounted aloft through the tempest. The import of such language cannot well be mistaken: all possibility of misapprehension however is removed by the circumstance of our. being expressly informed Fy Taliesin, that this goddess; the great mother of the Britons and the mystic consort of the diluvian Hu, was a ship Boating on the water; which was supposed to carry the aspirant into the sea of that Dylan, who was preserved in an ark at the time of the deluge. As for the dragon-chief of the world, who formed the ship of the British Mysteries, and who w as the allegorical parent of the goddess styled the Symbol of the Egg and the Token of floating, he is certainly Noah worshipped in conjunction with the Sun: for both his whole history proves him to be that patriarch, and he is ev en sometimes designated by the very appellation of Noe. * . ‘ 1 i
Page n277
• There is another British temple at Abury/ which' in one respect Is even' more remarkable than Stonehenge. It is at-present nearly destroyed, but it$‘ original form has been very accurately determined to be that of an immense serpent attached tofa circle/ 1 The serpent,'like that with which the Tyrians encompassed the mundane egg/ is devoid of wings ; which seem to have been at pleasure cither added to the hieroglyplric or omitted/ When the whole analogy of’theDrUidical superstition is considered, or I should rather say the superstition of theuniversal gentile world, there cannot beany doubt, as at appears to me, that the serpent was designed to represent the greatserpentgod Hu; and the circle or superficial egg, ’that mysterious vessel which the Druids were accustomed to style the Ark of'the •world. In short, the serpent and the ring or egg, whether they occur in Britain, Persia, Egypt, Phcnicia, or Hindostan, symbolize alike the great father and the great mother of pagan mythology/
Page n433
The fourth river ss THAT Euphrates: as much as to say, that ■c.cll-kncn.n Euphrates. In Laun it,would run. Quantum vero Jhtmen est ISTE Phrat. It is not .improbable, that the word Euphrates has been made up of the very phrase here used by Moses, which may bare been the common raodc'of speaking of that great river. Hu expression is Eu Phrat or That PtrOt. *
Page n501
* The island Leuci, which I have mentioned in this catalogue, is situated in the Euxlnesea. In aspect it resemble* a serpent or a Urge fi*b floating on the water, and it fa stiff the popular opinion, that it abound* with serpent*. Aman Says, that it wu sometimes denominated the caurxe of Achilla, that Thcti* was fabled to bare given it to that hero, that hu ghost still int habited it, and that hu temple and ttatue both of ancient workmanship were to be *«n there. With the hero-god Achille* was worshipped hi* friend Patroclu* No human being inhabited the island but certain aquatic bird* alone had the care of ibe temple. Every morning they repaired to theses, wetted their w/wgt, and sprinkled the sacred edifice: afterwards, they care* fully swept its pavement with their plumage. Cut this marvellous region was not solely tenanted by the shades of the two Grecian warriore* it was likewise thought to be the general abode of the souls of ancient heroes. Armn. Perip. Pont. Cux. p. 21. Strab. Geog lib vi,. p. 306. Pau*. Lacon. p 200. VtoA Nero i*. Fompon Mel. lib. n. c. ?.f Fest. Alien. Orb. Descript. See Clarke's Trawl* vol. i e. 25.
Page n510
This title, which is pure Celtic, seems to prove very clearly that the Cimbn ought to be ascribed to the Celtic stock * Yet, in their attack on the Romans, they were associated with an apparently Gothic or Scythian tribe for the Teutones, as we may^ collect from their name, were of Teutonic or Teutsch or German origin The religion of the two great families of the Celts and the Goths was fundamentally the same, though subsisting under different modifications Hence vve are told, that the Teutones, no less than their allies the Cimbn, venerated the brazen bull, which symbolized the great god Hu or Esay or Noe, as he was variously denominated Such venera tion is perfectly in character with the accounts, which have come down to us of the Gothic superstition The three principal deities of that mythology •were supposed to have been bora from a wonderful cow, which doubtless represented the great mother for we find, that the chariot of that goddess was wont to be draw n by sacred heifers, previous to the ceremony of so lemnly committing her to the water* of a holy lake 4
Page n514
Egyptians to consecrate a lion to Vulcan or Phtha, to worship that animal in a peculiar manner nt the city of Lcopolis, and to esteem him the symbol of Horus or the younger Osiris.1 And it was the same superstition, equally operating in countries widely separated from each other, which taught the Persians to represent Mithras with the head of a lion as well as with that of a bull; the Assyrians and Hindoos, to depict the solar Adad and Surya as a man riding on the bach of a lion; the ancient Arabs, to venerate Yaghuth .under the form of a lion; the Celtic Druids, to consider a lion as a fit type of their god Hu; and the Mexicans of Tabasco, to worship the image of a lion as a present and potent divinity/
Page n516
the eagle itself was consecrated by bis votaries from the most remote antiquity.' The classical Jupiter was not only attended by ad eagle, but was likewise himself feigned to have assumed the shape of one.* The British Hu again was symbolized by an eagle1 And that same bird entered also into the composition both of the Gothic Rodigast, of the Celtic Pohehenius, and of the Chinese Lui-Shin.4
Page n556
j We have now traced the hieroglyphic of the snake in application to the , great father through i the mythologies of the most celebrated nations of the earth: we snail equally meet with it, and in precisely the sdme application, in thc*mystic theology of the Druids. The god Hu or Noe, who is the allegorical husband of the Ship-goddess Cendwen, who (as we have already observed) is represented by the Cherubic symbol the bull, and who is described as having been preserved in an ark during the prevalence of an universal deluge, is styled, in the writings of the bard*, the glancing Hu, the gliding king, and the' dragon sovereign of Britain. Trom one of those poems we may collect, that a living Serpent-was venerated as the symbol of the deity and, as serpents agreeably to their supposed sacred nature were kept by the Egyptians in their temples; so the dragon, which typified the
Page n557
nrUte god Hu, is described, as moving round the huge stones of Cner-Sidi or Stone-hengCj-oud ns pursuing a retreating goddess who is staled the fair otic. The whole seems to allude to some then well-known fablej which most probably was nearly allied to die legend of Jupiter violating Proserpine under the form of a serpent and by her becoming the father of the infernal Bacchus.’ Hu at least was certainly the same deity as the classical Huas or Bacchus, and w as w orshipped together w ltli Ceres and Troserpine in a ■manner which exactly resembled the Orgies of the Samothracian Cabin/ JBut the ophite Jupiter and the ophite Bacchus, though placed in the relation to each other of father and son, are confessed by the old mytbologists to have been fundamentally one deity. * ^ ,
Page n565
the Greeks, Ceres and Bacchus; and among the Britons, Ceridwen and Hu. These they represent separately: but, when considered as blended together jn one hieroglyphic, they then shadow* out the same great father and great mother united in the single mysterious person of the hermaphroditic Ardha-nari, Adonis, or Zeus, of the Hindoo, Phenician, or Orphic, theology. Sometimes the egg is associated with two serpents, in which cose the great mother is twice represented by the egg and the female serpent. This we may collect from the fable mentioned by Athenagoras, respecting the incestuous commerce of Jupiter and Rhea under the precise appearance of the two serpents 'which arc twisted round the globe-surmounted caducous of Hermes or Taut. But,,whatever may be the subordinate variations of the symbo), it was al«aj*s designed to shadow out the great father and the great mother, or, when the two were united together * in one compound character, the great hermaphroditic parent of the Universe.
Page n569
Thus one of the eight mystic forms of the Indian Siva, a number which evidently alludes to the ogdoad conspicuous in doth the two first families is said to be the performer of a‘sacrifice.1 Thus the Egyptian Thoth or Taut w ho is the same as Buddha or Cadam, is described as the original inventor of sacrificial rites.1 Thus the Egyptian Osiris, who is clearly no other than the Greek Dionusus and the Indian Siva or Istvara, is celebrated as the person, who first instructed mankind in the worship of the gods; with which, as I have just observed, sacrifice was ever inseparably united.’ Thus the Etruscan Janus was thought by the Italians to have first taught them to build temples to the gods, and to have instituted the sacred rites with which they were adored.4 Thus the Argive Phoroneus, who was accounted the first of men and who is made coeval with the flood, is said to have first built a temple and an altar for sacrificial purposes to Juno.1 Thus the Chinese Fohi is represented as carefully breeding seven sorts of animalsr the number according to which‘Noah was directed to take the clean animals into the Ark, for the purpose of sacrificing them to the supreme spirit of heaven and earth 6 Thus the Babylonian Xisuthrus, when he quitted the ark within which he had been preserved, is said to have built an altar and offered sacrifices to the gods.7' Thus both the Greek and the Scythic Deucalion is'equally described, as building an’ altar, and as offering up sacrifices immediately after the deluge.8 Thus the British Hu, who withseven companions sailed in nn ark over the interminable ocean, is cminentlv stjled the sacrifiter.' Ahd thus the Peruvian Monco-Copac is supposed to have first reclaimed mankind from a savage life and to have taught them the worship of his father the Sun 1
The altar, on which the primeval sacrifice was offered up, has been elevated to the sphere and the legends, which arc there attached to it, all tend to refer us to the same period for the origin of the nte On the sphere itself we behold the fabulous centaur, the reputed son of Cronus but by Ljeophron rightly identified with Cronus himself , 1 issuing from the ship Argo, and -bearing on Ins lance a victim towards the altar for the purpose of sacrificing it 4 and nt arc told, that on this same altar Jupiter offered an oblation, when going to the war of the Titans, or rather (as the scholiast on Aratus more accurately gives the tradition) when returning victorious from that war r The Titanic war however relates altogether to the deluge, and is the >Cry same as the war of T ) plion or the ocean dgainst the hero gods.* consequently, the sacrifice of J upitcr on the altar is no other than the first post-diluvian sacrifice of Noah Hence, m allusion to the flood, we ore informed, that Night, whom the Orphic poet identifies with the infernal Vefius or the great arkitc mother, was the person that placed the altar among the constellations, in pity of the calamities inflicted upon men by the tempestuous ocean 7
Origin Of Pagan Idolatry Vol. 2
by Faber, George Stanley
Page n18
50. Hu, Beli, Belatucader, Abeliion - - - -
Page n77
JilUd Prydu'cn, uc enter (d into the deep ; excepting seven, none have returned from Caer Sidi, Davies’s Mythol, of Brit. Druids, p. 515. The prison of Gvvair or the inclosure of Sidi, the Sida of the Hindoos, the Saida of the Canaanites, the Said of the Egyptians, the Sito or Ceres of the Sicilians, in other words the great mother represented by the circular inclosure of Stonehenge that Druidical copy of the circle of Ha; the incloiure of Sidi is the Ark: Gwair or Hu or the just roan is Noah, the Sadik of Moses and Sanchoniatho; the doleful song on account of sull'ered calamity answers to the lamentations for Cannaces or Adonis or Osiris: and the seven, who alone return with him in safety froin^the deep where all the rest of mankind had perished, are family, the same as the seven Cabiri or seven Titans or seven Rishis of Hindostan, who at the end of each world arc preserved with a Menu in a capacious ark during the prevalence of an universal deluge.
Page n120
The Amschaspands, who are invoked along with Ormuzd and the Moon, were thought to be seven primitive celestial spirits. * Their number, joined to the general context of the prayers and of the history, points out very unequivocally what persons are intended by them. They are palpably the same as the seven inferior Rishis of Hindostan, who were saved with the head of their family in an ark; the same as the seven ancient personages, who alone returned with the British just man Hu from the dale of the grievous w aters, when he navigated an ocean without shore in the mystic ship which was a form of the great nwther Ceridwen; the same as the seven Heliadae, whose father Helias or the Sun once crossed the sea in a golden cup, and w'ho w^as represented by the Egyptians sailing in a boat; the same as the seven Titans, whG were the children of the older Titan, Cronus or Saturn or Noah; * the same as the seven Cory ban tes, who were the offspring of Corybas by the nymph Theba or the Ark; and the same as the seven Phenician Cabiri, who w^ere the sons of Sydyk or the just man, who were thought to have built the first ship, and who consecrated the relics of the ocean to Neptune at Berytus. They are the same likewise as the seven primeval celestial spirits of the Japanese: and, to return to the Zend-Avesta, they are the same also as those Karfesters, %vho are described as escaping from the deluge and as commencing the parents of a new race on the summit of mount AlbordL For, as Cronus and the seven Titans were exempted from the general de-
Page n159
* The hierophantf by whom the bard has been initiated into the Mysteries of the navicular Hu and Ccridwcn, the great father and great mother of Celtic theology.
Page n159
^ Or Hu, the helio-arkite Noah.
Page n160
Disturbed is the island of the praise rf Hu, the island f the severe remunerator f eoen Mona of the generous bowls which ardmate vigour, the island whose barrier is the Mena} Deplorable is the fate of the ark saved from drowning at the era of an inundation by a Campsa, a word which inditfercntly signitiesan ark and a crocodile, must clearly have been Noah or the Menu-^atyaviatu of Hindustan. Cumberland’s Sanchou. p. 34—60. Shuckford’s Connect. \ol. i. book iv. p. 207* THE OltrOIN OF PAGAN IDOLATRY.
Page n329
called Dee or Deva in honour of the great mother and from Hu himself being styled Dtun,
Page n332
IX. The assertion of Artemidorus and Dionysius, that Ceres and Proserpine and Bacchus were worshipped by the Celts of Britain with rites similar to those of Sainothrace, has been most amply confirmed by a recent inquiry into the theological system of the British Druids, instituted from original native documents with equal learning and ingenuity.* It thence appears, that their Orgies had just the same relation to the deluge as those of the Samothracians, and that they worshipped a triad consisting of the god Hu and the two goddesses Ceridwen and Creirwy; who, like the classical Ceres and Proserpine, were viewed as a mother and a daughter. Now the character of Hu is thus generally summed up by Mr. Davies from those mythological compositions of the bards, which are denominated triads; and, like that of Osiris or Bacchus or Siva, it is palpably the character of Noah.
Page n332
With this character of Hu, every thing that is said of him will be found exactly to correspond.
Page n333
6ut the circle of stones was not the only temple of Hu: as both that cirdtei and island in tlie sea or in a lake, equally symbolized the World and ttm Aflc; SahiS sanctuaty is said to have been in an island surrounded by the tide, or on a' wide lake, or on the surfoce of the ocean, or on the ninth wave, di^’onaltotlr beyond'the billow, described as the .rock of the supreme pro-
Page n336
Such a conjecture would be highly probable, were the Israelites the only people upon record, whose priests were accustomed to bear a sacred ark in solemn procession: but, so far is this from being the case, that the rite prevailed in every part of the gentile world, orij^ating no doubt from a strong tradition of the Ark and the dpluge. Hence I feel thoroughly persuaded, that the ark of these Americans was no other than the ark of Sjva, Osiris, Ammon, Adonis, Bacchus, Attis, Hu, aod Menu; and that their tlieplogy, so far from being a corruption of the Mosaical Institntes, was in reality that very Diluvianism which constituted so large a part of the religion of the gasoo** It must be confessed, that Yo-He-IVqh, as MrAdair writes the title of the ark-god, bears a considerable resemblance tp the name J[ehovah: but I more tlian auspect, that he has combined into one word'what ought to he eonaiderqd as two distinct invocations. Purchas, giving an account from Champlain of the aaine American re^on, tells us, that, when the inhabitants wore celebrating their sacred rites, all the females present stripped themselves naked, and in this condition joined ia a frantic song and dance. ‘'When they had tinished, they exclaimed with one voice, -He, Ho, Ho.; and then resumed titeir garments. Aller a while they again cast them aside, again performed
Page n337
In this narrative Mr, Adair would doubtless have discovered the Trinity; and would have pronounced the god, denominated the son, to be the Mimra or filial Word of the ancient Targumists: yet it distinctly enough sets fortli to us nothing more than the religious notions and practices of tlie old pagans, and thus confirms the supposition that the sacred ark was the ark of Bacchus or Osiris. The deity, whom these Americans venerated, was palled Ho ; and they thrice invoked him in allusion to that mystic triplication so highly celebrated by the gentile hierophants. He is the same, even in title, as the Hu. of the Britons and the Haas of the Greeks; and the name Ho is evidently what Mr. Adair writes Vo. This then, as vve collect from Champlain, is the title of the god : but the natives, it appears, used also another exclatpatiun, which Mr. Adair expresses dividedly He-JVah. lam inclined to belipvCi that, .as Ho is Hu or Bacchus, so we liave here no other than the Bacchic cry of Hevah or and consequently tliat t|)e exclamation Vo-
Page n339
That Mr. Adair is mistaken in deducing the northern Americans from the Israelites, and that I have rightly identified their ark-god Ho with Hu or Huas, will appear yet more decidedly, if we examine the theology of those two nations of the new world, which had made the greatest progress in civilization, or (as I suspect we ought rather to express ourselves) had the least degenerated into the savage ^tate from the institutes of their ancestors.
Page n347
Any one in the least degree conversant with tlie mythology of the pagans cannot avoid being struck with the perfect resemblance of character between MancO'Capac, and Osiris, Dionusus, Hu, Phoroneus, Cronus, and Janus,
Page n353
afterwards furnished by captain Cooke, shew pretty evidently, that he was the great universal father of the gentile world, venerated alike throughout the eastern and the western continent The ark, furnished with staves for the purpose of being carried by Uie priests in solemn procession, is the same sacred boat, as the Argo of Ammon or Osiris, the Argha of Siva, and the ark of Bacchus, Hu, Ho, and Vitzliputzli. Its square aperture or door, furnished with an interior ring, is no other than the sacred oracular navel or omphalus.* And the god, who was thought to lie concealed within it, is that j)rimeval character, whose mystic concealment or a[)hanism formed so prominent a feature in the ancient Orgies. It was not however so much the god himself who was thought to be hidden within the ark, as his symbol or representation. What this symbol was, we are not able positively to say; for the Otaliciteans, it appears, were as unwilling to expose the contents of their sacred ark to the eyes of the profane, as the hierophants of the Dionysic Mysteries: but I more than suspect, that it was the very same as that, which was inclosed within the ark of Bacchus, and which w as so generally esteemed by tlie pagans the peculiar type of the great father. The name of this ark-god was Ooro, Now, though I wish not to build upon etymology; yet, when I observe such decided marks of resemblance between the Otaheitean theology and that of Egypt, I am strongly inclined to conjecture, that this Ooro is the same even in appellation, no less than in character, as the Ilorus of the Egyptians and the Auri of the Hindoos.
Page n391
Budd, Buddugre, Bud-Ner, and Buddwas, fvere varied appellations of die principal Celtic god Hu, who was adored in the stupendous circle of Stonehenge: consequently, Stonehenge may in this manner be justly said to have been a temple of Buddha and a representation of the Sakya-valya or mundane ring of Saett* This divinity, considered as Buddha or Teut, is ri^dy pronounced by Cesar, Minucius Felix, and Livy, to be Mercuiyr or Hermesbut, in his Brahmenical character, he is with equal propriety declared by Diodorus to be Apollo, and by Dionysius to be Liber or Bacchus.
Page n399
The coins of Janus exhibited on one side the double face of the god, and on the reverse either a ship or the stern or prow of a ship. Macrobius and Ovid say,*that this device was adopted to commemorate the arrival of the ship of Saturn: but Plutarch is not satisfied with* the solution; and .still inquires, why such a symbol should adorn the medals of Janus.* In fact, if Saturn be esteemed a distinct character from Janus, the device of the ship ought rather to have been stamped on the coins of the former than on those of tlie latter; and this not improbably produced the question, which is asked by Plutarch: but Saturn, and Janus, and Carneses, were all equally and properly that first navigator, who was the king and the instructor of an infant world. The true reason, in short, why the coins of J^nus exhibited the impression of a ship, may best be collected from what Athen^us tells us respecting him. He says, that he was the first inventor of barks and ships; a circumstance, which at once accounts for the reverse of his medals, and points out with sufficient clearness his real character.* Accordingly, in his aboriginal chapel he had an ancient ark, as we learn from Septimius Serenus; much in the same manner, I apprehend, as Dionusus, Osiris, Adonis, Siva, Hu, or Mexifli.* Yet, although Saturn, Janus, and Carneses, be severally Noah; still, when associated together as partners in empire, they
Page n419
This is the masculine form of Cali: for there is a goddess Cali as well as a god Cala, in like manner as there is a goddess Ila and a god Ilus. Cala and Cali, or Ilus and Ila, arc that*grcat universal father and mother, who were jointly venerated under so many different titles throughout the pagan world: in other words, they arc the transmigrating Noah and the mundane Ark. Accordingly we find, that, as the Hindoos gave tlie name of Cala to Menu or J3ud(lha, who w»as saved at the period of a general deluge; so in the sacred hooks of the Persians mention is made of an universal inundation, there named the deluge of Timc^ w'hich is equivalent to the deluge of Cala.'' It was from this title of Buddha, unless I greatly mistake, that the old Irish borrowed the sacred appellation Cal or 6W/, which they bestowed upon their god Tat or Taut, whom we have already seen to be the same as Buddha or Thoth or Taut or Teutates. He was their Ilercules-Mercury, whom the Goths or Scythians venerated under the name of JVudd or IToden. Sometimes they called him Cully which is only a slight variation of the same radical word : and, in honour of him, either they or their Celtic brethren of Scotland, and the latter is a still more stupendous pyramid in Wiltshire, similarly composed of earth. It stands in front of the Druidical temple of Abury; •which, from its form, exhibiting as it docs the figure of a snake attached to a circle, was certainly dedicated to the dragon-god Hu or the serpent Cnuphis of Egyptian theology. Such vicinity points out very unequivocally the nature of Silbury. It was a hill representing that; which, in the Druid ical system, was esteemed the bed or grave of the great father, of which the diluvian Hu was said to be the ruler, and to the top of which the vessel with the strong door or Ceridwen in the form of a ship was believed to have been conveyed with infinite toil and labour. The amazing bulk of it betrays the same painfully fanatical humour, which has produced so many parallel structures in different parts of the globe. It rises full south of Abury, and it stands exactly between the head and the tail of the enormous mimic serpent. The figure, which it presents, is that of a truncated confe: whence its top is a circular plain, exhibiting the sacred ring of Ila *.
Page n265
of the Druidlcal goddess yet remain imdifferent parts of this kingdom, chap, They are denominated ICist-Vacm or stone-chests: and’they are universally formed by three 'large upright stones, placed rectangularly to each other, and covered by a fourth which‘serves as a lid. Their front aspect is a rude but exact miniature copy of the Egyptian temple at Essnay: and it exhibits consequently, like that temple, the appearance of a cavern in a rock*. These stone-arks,.as they were4 sometimes called, represented the womb of the great mother, who took the form of a ship at the time of the deluge and^thus conveyed>the god Hu in safety over the mighty waters. Hence there was a notion, that they were rolled from the valley to the top of a mountain by the single mighty hand of the primeval archdruid, though so large that sixty oxen could not have moved one of them: hence also, as the great father was said to have been imprisoned within the womb of the ship Ceridwen, these stone-arks were viewed as prisons:-and hence the, imitative aspirant, when about to be initiated, was placed within the cavern which they fanned,” and was then allegorically spoken of as entering into the womb of the goddess or as being confined within a prison*. They were, in fact, superterranean grottos within a small artificial rocky hill: and, accordingly, the stone, which served as a roof, was usually laid in a slanting postuie, so as to imitate the descent of a mountain, and thus to facilitate the access to the summit which in imitation of Ararat served as a sacrificial altar. t >
Page n275
on the deluge as the ship Argha; just as Sidee is a title of Ceridwen,- ^\ho similarly floated 'on the deluge in the form of a ship bearing Hu Or Noe in safety over its -waves. Thus it is manifest, that the name Caer-Sidec is precisely equivalent in all lespects to the name Ila-vratfa. Whence it mil follow, that Stonehenge was a designed copy of the ring of Ua 01 (as it is sometimes called) the ring of Buddha-Sahya, which is feigned to crown the summit of Mem or Ararat. As Ceridwen however was the goddess of the Ark, do less than the goddess of the World; so the imitative CaerSidee represented the microcosmic Ship resting on the top of the mountain, do less than the Megacosm which was oncfe confined to the insular circle ■of the Armenian peak. Both these ideas were ingeniously combined together in a single appellation, by which the Druids were wont to distinguish the vast ring of Stonehenge: they called it the Ark of the World— If such a title required any explanation, it would receive it from the character of the deities, to whom the temple was dedicated. The commoq sanctuary of Noe and Eseye, or of Hu and Ceridwen who is the Isi of Hindostan, is said to be the great stone fence or the circular mound constructed ofstone-work. Now this sanctuary, from the very description of it, must either have been Stonehenge or some other similar edifice; which is perfectly immaterial to the point in question, for analogy-demonstrates that the many stone circles of the Druids were all constructed under the influence of the same ruling idea. But Hu and Ceridwen, or the ship-god and the ship-goddess, are most undoubtedly Noah and the Ark. Therefore Stonehenge was plainly called the Arh of the World, because it was viewed as a copy of the inclosing Ark of Noah—This conclusion is further established, Doth by the singularlanguage of the bards, and by the other names which were bestowed upon Cacr-Sidee. Though the mythologic poets of Britain tell us, that the common sanctuary of the great father and great mother was the vast circle of stone-work; yet they likewise speak t>f that sanctuary, as being surrounded by the tide, and as reposing upon the surface either of a wide lake or of the boundless ocean. Now, as such descriptions have but ill accorded with Stonehenge since the portentous day w hen it crossed the Irish sea at the high behest of the enchanter Merlin, and as the deities of Stonehenge were Noe and a Ship: wo may safely Pag. Idol vol. hi. 2N
Page n276
venture to transfer both them, and the legendary vo}rage of the Wiltshire temple, to the leal floating sanctuary, of which that temple was only a symbol, and of which the true Noe was the pilot. Yet, agreeably to the uniform tenor of Paganism, which always blends together in the person of one goddess both the Ark and the World, the Druids, by the names which they imposed upon their Caer-Sidee, never suffer us to forget, that, although it shadows out the diluvian Ship, it does not shadow it out simply or exclusively. ’ They variously denominated this magnificent temple the mundane rampart, the mundane circle of stones, the circle of the World, the stall of the cow or of the navicular Ceridwen i-enerated like Isi and Isis under the form of that animal, the circle of Sidee, and the mound constructed of stonework representing the World *—Each of the trilithons of Stonehenge, as they are called by Stukeley, formed a noble portal: and through these portals, primarily representing the door of the Ark, but finally the various multiplied astronomical doors of the Sun and the Moon and the Planets, the aspirants were conducted into the interior, and were said to be regeneiated by so holy a passage—The edifice has been originally composed of two concentric circles, inclosing an elliptical adytum or cell: and, in the very midst of that cell, is a large flat stone, which has usually been deemed the altar. As for the adytum, it plainly answers to that interior sacellum, which in artificial temples was called the cavern; and it was devoted, I apprehend, to the very same purposes: while the supposed altar was the mythologic grave or bed of Hu, respecting which more shall be said in its proper place—In this temple Hu was venerated as the serpent god *: and to that circumstance w e may ascribe the dracontion figure attached to the ring of Abury. The two together formed the hieroglyphic of the serpent and the circle: and, as the serpent-god was usually said to have wings, the whole composed the famous Egyptian symbol of the globe and the winged serpent; which Kircher has idly fancied to be an emblem of the Trinity. It was in truth the type of the serpent Cnuphis: but Cnuphis was the same divinity as the serpent Hu.
Page n301
Exactly the same ideas prevailed among the old Britons. They had the tomb of Tydain or the solar Hu, in the border of what they denominated the mount of Aren: and the resting-place or coffin of Dylan, who is the same diluvian personage under a different name, is said to be the temple of the navicular ox surrounded by the deafening wave'. Each Kist vaen also, or mystic stone cell of Ceridwen, was deemed sepulchral: and, in the Druidical Mysteries, ere the noviciate passed the river of death in the boat of Garanhir or Charon, it was requisite that he should have been allegorically buried under the great stone, as welt as have allegorically become defunct *•. From these principles I argue analogically, that the large fiat slab in the centre of Stonehenge, which has often been taken for an altar, was really the mystic tomb of Hu or Tydain; just as a similar stone in the midst of the Egyptian temple of Cnuphis was a sepulchre of Osiris.
Page n306
will be found in the morning either dead or raving-mad or endued with, supernatural genius f. So again, Plutarch mentions, on the authority of a traveller named Demetrius, that, in one of the sacred islands on the coast •of Scotland, Cronus lay extended in a profound sleep, the ‘giant Briareus being his guard, and various other demons his attendants4. This British Saturn is clearly the same personage as Hu or Tydain or Elphin .* and, accordingly, the grave or resting-place of that deity in the border of the sacred mount-was denominated his Bcdd; whence our English word Bed has palpably been derived *. A similar double notion was attached, I make no doubt, to the slab in the centre of Stonehenge: it was at once the bed and the grave of the great father. Agreeably to this supposition, we find in Ireland a Druidical temple, which to this day bears the name of the bed of Dlarmod or the bed of the omnipotent divinity. There is likewise another temple at Glan-Or in the same country, which is called the bed of the hag or the bed of the giantess. The masculine deity thus described was certainly the great father: and the hag'or giantess was the fury Ceriduen or the gigantic great mother, whom the bards were accustomed to celebrate as the ancient giantess grimly smiling in her wrath \ -
Page n332
Bueno, whom the monks have transformed into a wonder-working saint,( was an ancient Druidical god, ,the same as JHu or Noe or Tydain : for his temple is mentioned by,Taliesin; and is described by that bard, as being on the border of a sacred mount where the",wave makes an overw helming din, and as containing the mystic bed or tomb of Dylan who with bis consort was preserved in an ark at the period of an universal deluge. Perhaps I should express myself.with moie accuracy, if I said that Bueno was a title of the god Hu-Noe, who must doubtless be identified with Dylan son of the oceanfor,‘in the Celtic, the word, agreeably to the mythulogic character of the god, denotes the hull of the ship \
Page n334
Pag, Idol. VOL. in. 2U Bardsea and other similar islets, it was a sea-girt sanctuary of the old superstition of the country. It boldly rises out of the sea in the figure of a cone, the top of which is crowned with the remains of an ancient castle: and within its piecincts are the ruins of the conventual and cathedral church of Lindisfarne. Such a form was peculiarly valued by the old hierophants, as exhibiting Mentor Ararat surrounded by the retiring deluge: and I am greatly mistaken, if this island was not a holy wave-beaten mountain of Hu, where his bed or resting-place was exhibited from the earliest ages. When the Britons were converted to Christianity, the pagan sanctuary, according to the plan so geneially adopted, became the scite of a church. Under the Saxons, it was piobably again devoted to the rites of Paganism: and, when they at length received the gospel, the ancient holy place was made the seat of the extensive diocese of Northumberland. Thus, with the exception of the Danish inroads, matters remained, until the episcopal see was removed o Durham.
Page n470
* w. ktion with the Tanga-tapga of the old Peiuvians; who, like the other tribes of America, seem plainly to have crossed over from the north-eastern extremity of Sibeiia. Agreeably to the mystical notion so familiar to the Hindoos, that the self-triplicated great father yet remained hut one in essence, the Peruvians supposed their Tanga-tanga to be one in three and three in one: and, in consequence of the union of hero-w6rship with the astronomical and material systems of idolatry, they venerated the Sunand the Air, each under three images and three names The same opinions equally prevailed throughout the nations, which lie to the west of Hrndostan. Thus the Persians had their Ormuzd, Mithras, and Ahriman; or, as the matter wast sometimes represented, their self-triplicating Mithras. The Syrians had their Monimus, Aziz, and Ares *. The Egyptians had their Emeph, JEicton, and Phtha \ The Greeks and Romans had their Jupiter, Neptune, andPluto; three in number though one in essence, and all springing from Cronus a fourth yet older god. The Canaanite3 bad their Baal-Shalisha ror < self-triplicated Baal \ The Goths had their Odin, Vile, and Ve; who’are described as the three < sons of Bura the offspring of the mysterious cow*.; And the Celts had their three bulls, venerated as the living symbols of the triple Hu or Menu. To the same class we must ascribe the triads of the Orphic and Pythagorean and Platonic schools; each of which must f again be identified with the imperial triad of the old Chaldaic or Babylonian philosophy. This last, according to the account which is given of it by Datnoscius, was a triad shining throughout the whole world, over phich presides a monad 6. Here again, though couched in the jargon of astronomical Sabianism, we have an allusion to the triple dm*- slow of live world among those, who were the children of the single gtcat father, but who in the sphere were venerated as the threefold Sun. The'e three, thus springing from a monad, are the three younger Noes or Intelligences, produced from that primeval Nous; who was himself an universal intellectual sovereign, but who delegated his authority to his three ema-
Page n496
grated to the shores of the Euxine *. Among the Britons, it was aclnow1 edged that the solar Hu was indeed the father of all mankind: yet, as he is declared to have been the first bard or druid, he seems to be claimed as the peculiar ancestor of the sacerdotal caste; for the royal and proud line of that dignified race is declared to be the special ornament of this most ancient divinity, while in return he is said to be the parent and the king of the bards \ Lastly, among the Peruvians, the royal family of the Yncas was viewed as a wholly distinct race from their subjects* They were obeyed, not more as sovereigns, than as visible representatives of the chief divinity. Through their first human ancestor Mango-Copac, they traced their lofty genealogy from the god of day: the blood of these children of the Sun, for such was the general appellation by which they were distinguished, was held to be sacred: and, by the prohibition of all intermarriages between the governing family and the people, it was never contaminated by mixing with the plebeian streams that circulated through vulgar veins1. Sir William Jones has too hastily pronounced all the Peruvians to be of the line of Ham. That their sovereigns were, cannot, I think, be doubted: wnd the particular family, whence they originated, is clearly enough pointed out in the name of their capital Cusco; which is but an inversion of Coh, Cus or Caucasus.
Page n693
41. 20. Tor Pherephalta read Pherephatla G5. 22. For Arahamn read Ardhanart 87. 10. Insert a comma after Hence 120. 5. For Ha read Hu
